scholarly journals A Simple Reliable Protocol for Cytogentically Stable Mass Propagation of Ornithogalum virens Lindl.

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Saswati Bhattacharya ◽  
Biswajit Ghosh ◽  
Madhubrata Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Ornithogalum Virens

Ornithogalum virens is a plant of horticultural importance but recently researches are focused on its medicinal importance. A simple reliable protocol has been standardized for micropropagation of O. virens to produce a cytologically stable progeny with least polysomatic variation of chromosome number. Among different explants, bulb scales showed the maximum potential for organogenesis. From a single bulb scale 37 bulblets have been produced within 16 weeks of inoculation. A low concentration of auxin with different concentrations of cytokinin is suitable for organogenesis. A higher level of auxin induces callus formation. Bulblet production was the maximum in the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l 2iP. O. virens normally has a chromosome number of 2n=6. In nature it shows a common occurrence of polysomaty. The somatic plates that deviate from normal 2n=6 specially 2n=12 are of quite common occurrence (approximately 18?25% per root tip). Strikingly the tissue culture regenerants show a uniform chromosome number 2n=6, frequency of polyploidy being negligible. RAPD profile of the explants and its regenerants are almost same. Five primer sets give more number of bands with explants’ DNA. Moreover, the intensity of the bands of source plant is sometimes more than that of the regenerants. This may coincides with the fact that in the source plant the somatic chromosome number is 2n=6 and 12, whereas in regenerants it is 2n=6.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(1): 1-14, 2016 (June)

Chromosome morphology of Clematis, subsection Viornae (Ranunculaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Michael Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Median Region ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Subterminal Region ◽  
Marked Stability

Cytological studies were made on the following taxa: C. addisonii, C. filifera, C. glaucophylla, C. pitcheri, C. reticulata, C. texensis, C. versicolor, and C. viorna. All species were found to have a somatic chromosome number of 16 with a uniform karyotype consisting of five pairs of metacentric chromosomes with centromeres in the median region and three pairs of acrocentric chromosomes, two pairs with centromeres in the terminal region and one pair with centromeres in the subterminal region. These findings agree with reports of chromosome number and karyotype for other species of Clematis and suggest a marked stability of chromosome complement in the genus.

Investigations of the inheritance of flower variegation in Mirabilis jalapa L. 3. Somatic chromosome number, 4. Distribution of the pigments and 5. Chromatographic studies

Euphytica ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. M. Van Kester ◽  
C. J. T. Spitters ◽  
L. Vosselman ◽  
J. M. M. Engels ◽  
A. C. Zeven
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

scholarly journals Sterilization and Callus Formation of Rubber Meristem (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Sucianingtyas Sukamto ◽  
Lila Maharani ◽  
Siti Amalia ◽  
Sholeh Avivi ◽  
Didik Pudji Restanto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Embryonic Callus ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg) is one of the important plantation commodities in Indonesia because of its role as a source of income. It stimulates the economic growth around the rubber plantation area. The propagation of rubber is still using conventional methods like grafting. The technique of tissue culture through callus induction is one of the alternatives of mass propagation of rubber seedling with quick and efficient time. The sterilization method is very important to determine the success of tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the aim of this research is to know the best method of sterilization and callus formation in rubber explants. The basic media used were WPM and MS, with BAP of 2 ppm and NAA 0.1 ppm. The best result of sterilization is by soaking 5% fungicide solution for 5 minutes, 5% Clorox solution for 15 minutes, betadin 10% solution for 5 minutes, and finally it rinsed with sterile water three times. The best medium uses WPM medium for callus induction, with 0.5 cm callus length and embryonic callus. In contrast, the MS medium has 0.4 cm callus length and non embryonic callus.

A root tip squash technique for screening chromosome number in Lolium

Euphytica ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Ahloowalia
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Root Tip

A new species of Trigonella sect. Ellipticae (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from Iran, including cytogenetic and anatomical notes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoud Ranjbar ◽  
ZAHRA HAJMORADI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Trigonella bakhtiarica, from the Iranian province Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiari is described, illustrated and compared to its most closely related species, T. aphanoneura. Trigonella bakhtiarica has a longer corolla and differs in the shape, surface and size of its pods, which are taxonomically informative characters in Trigonella sect. Ellipticae. Chromosome counts and meiosis assays show that both species are diploid, and that their euploid plants possess a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16, which is consistent with the predicted base number of x = 8.

Cytological studies of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Yates ◽  
NH Brittan
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Isolated Species

Somatic chromosome number and morphology in certain strains of subterranean clover and in species of several other fairly closely related genera have been observed. Dwalganup, Yarloop, Mt. Barker, Wenigup, Burnerang, and Red Leaf strains have each 16 fairly small chromosomes, the chromosome complexes being similar to one another and to that obtained by Wexelsen (1928) for the species. Palestine and Israel strains have each 12 large chromosomes, bearing no apparent relationship to those of the other strains but being the same in number and of a similar order of size to those found in Vicia sativa. Chromosome number and morphology may explain the failure to obtain intervarietal crosses involving Palestine, but not the low percentage of successful crosses between other strains. It is suggested that perhaps Palestine and Israel may be more correctly classed as strains of a separate species and that, with regard to their origin, Wexelsen's idea of mutational changes in isolated species offers probably the best explanation.

scholarly journals Karyomorphology of Two Species of the Genus Spilanthes (Heliantheae-Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-426
Author(s):  
Pushpa Karna Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Spilanthes Acmella ◽  
Karyotype Formula

In present investigation karyotype of mitotic chromosomes were determined, two species of the genus Spilanthes, namely Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray and Spilanthes calva DC. from plants transplanted in earthen pots collected from different localities from Central Nepal in my home garden. The somatic chromosome number determined in present study were 2n=36 for both species, Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray and Spilanthes calva DC. The chromosomes total length ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 µm in Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray and 0.4 to 2.1µm in Spilanthes calva DC. The relative length ranged from 2.3 to 12.1 µm in the species Spilanthes calva and 2.0 to 8.5 µm in the species Spilanthes acmella. The Karyotype formula were M16+m2+sm16+st2 in Spilanthes calva DC. and M22 +sm14 in Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray cytologically obtained by using 2% aceto-orcein. The karyotype of the two species shows considerable variation exists in morphology of chromosome and structure. The variation in karyomorphology shows evolved nature of this species which play a great role in evolution. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 422-426

scholarly journals Interspecific Genome Size and Chromosome Number Variation Shed New Light on Species Classification and Evolution in Caladium

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Mike Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Duplication Events

The genus Caladium Vent. is a member of the family Araceae; some of its species are cultivated as ornamentals. The present study was conducted to determine the genome size, somatic chromosome number, and their variation within 63 accessions representing 10 species of Caladium. Caladium genome sizes estimated using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry ranged from 2.98 pg/2C in Caladium lindenii Engl. to 9.89 pg/2C in Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey ‘Chang Suek’. Two genome size groups (large and small) were evident among the 63 caladium accessions. The average genome size of 36 caladium accessions in the large genome size group was 9.29 pg/2C, roughly twice that of the 27 accessions in the small genome size group (4.50 pg/2C). Microscopic examination of squashed root tip cells revealed seven somatic chromosome numbers among 39 caladium accessions, including 2n = 18, 20, 24, 26, 30, 34, and 38, and provided the first chromosome counts for four caladium species new to Caladium. The results support the species status of C. marmoratum Mathieu ex K. Koch, C. picturatum K. Koch & C.D. Bouché, and C. steudneriifolium Engl. that were merged into C. bicolor (Aiton) Vent. previously and also support the species status of C. clavatum Hett., Bogner & J. Boos, and C. praetermissum Bogner & Hett., two species recently established in or transferred to Caladium. The results suggest that C. bicolor and C. schomburgkii Schott, not C. picturatum or C. marmoratum, are the chief parents of the fancy-leaved caladium (C. ×hortulanum). Four caladium cytotype groups (CCG-1 to -4) were identified in scatterplot of chromosome number vs. genome size. The genome size of C. bicolor, C. schomburgkii, and C. ×hortulanum in the CCG-4 is approximately twice that of C. humboldtii (Raf.) Schott and C. picturatum in the CCG-2, and the chromosome number of C. clavatum and C. marmoratum in the CCG-3 is close to twice that of C. humboldtii and C. picturatum in the CCG-2, both suggesting possible genome duplication or tetraploidization events in Caladium. However, the chromosome number of the CCG-4 species does not correspond to an expected 2n = 36 or 40, and the genome size of the CCG-3 species does not correspond to an expected 8.98 pg/2C. Conflicts between genome size and chromosome number indicate that genome duplication events were likely followed by chromosome fusions/losses in the formation of CCG-4 species and DNA losses likely followed tetraploidization in the formation of the CCG-3 species. The high level of cytological diversity found within Caladium affects germplasm collection and preservation efforts as well as breeding programs in the genus.

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