Present state of research into the interaction between powerful laser radiation and high-temperature plasmas

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (10) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.T. Tikhonchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Present State ◽  
Powerful Laser ◽  
State Of Research

scholarly journals Heavy ion driver for fast ignition

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. KOSHKAREV
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Fast Ignition ◽  
Gain Factor ◽  
Powerful Laser ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
Actual Design ◽  
Cylindrical Target ◽  
A Performance

Recently the “fast ignition” method in the ICF problem was considered (Caruso & Pais, 1996). It allows increasing a target gain factor and raising reliability of the burning process. Since the required power of the irradiating beam in this method is unattainable for the traditional type of heavy ion driver with the energy of ions ≤10 GeV, the powerful laser is considered as a possible driver only. Here we investigate the fast ignition method for a system constituted from the directly irradiated cylindrical target and a powerful heavy ion driver of the charge-symmetric type (Koshkarev, 1993) in which the ions with energy ≈100 GeV and mass ≈200 are used. The actual design of a powerful heavy ion driver with the required characteristics is outside the purpose of this article. However some consideration will be given to exploring whether such a performance is within the realm of reasonable extrapolations of the present state of the art.

scholarly journals The Egyptian context of the invention of the alphabet (inscriptions from serabit Al-Khadim and Wadi Al-Hôl)

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Przemysław Nowogórski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Present State ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Hieroglyphic Writing ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Alphabetic Writing

The article presents the beginnings of alphabetic writing in Sinai (Serabit al-Chadim) in the context of the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and the subsequent early alphabetic inscriptions from Wadi al-Hôl (Egypt) and Wadi Arava (Israel). In the light of the present state of research it can be concluded that the oldest alphabet (type: abgad) was established by Semites working in the copper mines on the Sinai Peninsula under the rule of Egypt, probably in the nineteenth century BC. Egyptian hieroglyphs had direct impact on the Semitic alphabetic writing. The alphabetic inscriptions in the Wadi al-Hôl and Wadi Arava discovered in recent years turned out to be younger than the Sinaitic inscriptions and are another element in the early development of alphabetic writing.

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