scholarly journals The Egyptian context of the invention of the alphabet (inscriptions from serabit Al-Khadim and Wadi Al-Hôl)

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Przemysław Nowogórski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Present State ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
Hieroglyphic Writing ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Alphabetic Writing

The article presents the beginnings of alphabetic writing in Sinai (Serabit al-Chadim) in the context of the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and the subsequent early alphabetic inscriptions from Wadi al-Hôl (Egypt) and Wadi Arava (Israel). In the light of the present state of research it can be concluded that the oldest alphabet (type: abgad) was established by Semites working in the copper mines on the Sinai Peninsula under the rule of Egypt, probably in the nineteenth century BC. Egyptian hieroglyphs had direct impact on the Semitic alphabetic writing. The alphabetic inscriptions in the Wadi al-Hôl and Wadi Arava discovered in recent years turned out to be younger than the Sinaitic inscriptions and are another element in the early development of alphabetic writing.

scholarly journals Victorian telegrams: the early development of the telegraphic despatch and its interplay with the letter post

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Fava-Verde
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Operating Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mail Service

The paper examines the early development of the Victorian inland telegraph, and more precisely the telegraphic despatches, or telegrams, as they became widely known. The first telegram service in Britain was launched by the Electric Telegraph Company two decades before nationalization of the telegraphs in 1870. It is argued that this service was not as innovative as the electric telegraph technology that underpinned it. Attention is drawn to the parallels between the telegram and mail services. To this end, the evolution of postal communication is first explored, with a focus on the nineteenth century, when innovations such as mail-trains and prepayment by stamp considerably accelerated the mail and increased the volume of letters from 67 million in 1839 to a staggering 741 million in 1865. It was in this context that the telegram service was introduced to the public. The operating model adopted by the Electric Telegraph Company to deliver this service is deconstructed to show the similarities with the mail service and to demonstrate that a telegram was not always faster than letter post.

scholarly journals Retos Historiográficos En La Historia De Los Pueblos De Indios De La Región Minera Pachuca-Real Del Monte

Xihmai ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verenice Cipatli Ramí­rez Calva [1]
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Participation ◽  
Mining Centers ◽  
Siglo Xix

ResumenEn este artí­culo se efectúa un balance historiográfico acerca de los estudios de corte diacrónico que tratan la zona de Pachuca y Real del Monte en el actual estado de Hidalgo. Encontramos que uno de los principales temas analizados por los estudiosos es el de la minerí­a, y la temporalidad que abarcan dichas investigaciones en su mayorí­a se concentra en el siglo XIX; los especialistas han dejado de lado la historia virreinal de la región en temas anexos a la minerí­a, aunque no exclusivamente mineros, como la participación indí­gena en el abasto de los centros mineros y la presencia de población afrodescendiente, por mencionar algunos temas. Se propone la ampliación del alcance de las investigaciones a asuntos no explorados en la región como el comercio y abasto doméstico de los trabajadores ligados a la mina.Palabras clave: Historiografí­a, Pachuca-Real del Monte, Comercio indí­gena. AbstractIn this article a historiographical balance is made on the studies of diachronic cut that treat the area of Pachuca and Real del Monte, in the present state of Hidalgo. We find that one of the main topics analyzed by the scholars is mining, and the temporality that these investigations cover mostly is concentrated in the nineteenth century, but has left aside the viceroyal history of the region in issues attached to the Mining, but not exclusively mining, such as indigenous participation in the supply of mining centers and the presence of Afro-descendant population, to mention some issues. It is proposed to extend the scope of the investigations to issues not explored in the region, such as the trade and domestic supply of workers linked to the mine.Key words: Historiography, Pachuca-Real del Monte, Indigenous trade. [1] Licenciada en Etnohistoria, maestra y doctora en Antropologí­a Social; Profesora Investigadora de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.

VI. Excavations at Fountains Abbey, North Yorkshire, 1979–80: the Early Development of the Monastery

Archaeologia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 147-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gilyard-Beer ◽  
Glyn Coppack
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject

The Cistercian abbey of St. Mary of Fountains has been the subject of extensive antiquarian and archaeological study for some two centuries, begining with John Martin's excavation of the chapter house in 1790–91. Three major studies in the nineteenth century, starting with the excavations of 1848–54 overseen by J. R. Walbran, who also began the analysis of the extensive documentary archive relating to the house, enhanced by a remarkably complete survey of the ruins begun in 1873 by J. A. Reeve, and culminating with an authoritative summary by Sir William St. John Hope, established the historical and archaeological development of the abbey and demonstrated the importance of the ruins. More recently, a detailed reappraisal by the first writer and limited excavation by Roger Mercer followed the placing of the ruins into the guardianship of what is now the Department of the Environment in 1966, and it was assumed that there was little more to be learned about the historical development of the house.

French Influences on Germany’s Commercial Courts in the Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-494
Author(s):  
Thomas Vogl
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
French Law ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Commercial Courts

Summary The present contribution explores the extent of influence which French law had on the development of Germany’s commercial courts in the nineteenth century. Modern literature describes this influence as marginal, yet without further proof. The author takes this state of research as a starting point to compare the Napoleonic legislation on commercial courts with the German commercial court systems of the nineteenth century. However, the present contribution will start with an overview of the German legal situation at the end of the eighteenth century. This is followed by an examination of whether French law was transferred to Germany during the French occupation of large parts of Germany at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Against this background it is possible to fully analyse the influence which French law had on the further development of German commercial courts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document