scholarly journals Behavioral Responses to Supply-Side Drug Policy During the Opioid Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Balestra ◽  
Helge Liebert ◽  
Nicole Maestas ◽  
Tisamarie Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Opioid Epidemic

scholarly journals Geospatial-Temporal and Demand Models for Opioid Admissions, Implications for Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Fulton ◽  
Zhijie Dong ◽  
Benjamin Zhan ◽  
C. Scott Kruse ◽  
Paula Stigler Granados
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Demand Models

Background:  As the opioid epidemic continues, understanding the geospatial, temporal and demand patterns is important for policymakers to assign resources and interdict individual, organization, and country-level bad actors.  Methods:  GIS geospatial-temporal analysis and extreme-gradient boosted random forests evaluate ICD-10 F11 opioid-related admissions and admission rates using geospatial analysis, demand analysis, and explanatory models, respectively. The period of analysis was January 2016 through September 2018.  Results:  The analysis shows existing high opioid admissions in Chicago and New Jersey with emerging areas in Atlanta, Salt Lake City, Phoenix, and Las Vegas. High rates of admission (claims per 10,000 population) exist in the Appalachian area and on the Northeastern seaboard. Explanatory models suggest that hospital overall workload and financial variables might be used for allocating opioid-related treatment funds effectively. Gradient-boosted random forest models accounted for 87.8% of the variability of claims on blinded 20% test data. Conclusions: Based on the GIS analysis, opioid admissions appear to have spread geographically, while higher frequency rates are still found in some regions.  Interdiction efforts require demand-analysis such as that provided in this study to allocate scarce resources for supply-side and demand-side interdiction: prevention, treatment, and enforcement. Based on GIS analysis, the opioid epidemic is likely to spread or diffuse through the country, and interdiction efforts require demand-analysis such as that provided in this study to allocate scarce resources for supply-side and demand-side interdiction: prevention, treatment, and enforcement.

scholarly journals Supply-Side Drug Policy in the Presence of Substitutes: Evidence from the Introduction of Abuse-Deterrent Opioids

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Alpert ◽  
David Powell ◽  
Rosalie Liccardo Pacula
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Supply Disruptions ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
Limit Access

Overdose deaths from prescription opioid pain relievers nearly quadrupled between 1999 and 2010. We study the consequences of one of the largest supply disruptions to date to abusable opioids—the introduction of an abuse-deterrent version of OxyContin in 2010. Supply-side interventions that limit access to opioids may have the unintended consequence of increasing use of substitute drugs, including heroin. Exploiting cross-state variation in OxyContin exposure, we find that states with the highest initial rates of OxyContin misuse experienced the largest increases in heroin deaths. Our results imply that the recent heroin epidemic is largely due to the reformulation of OxyContin. (JEL I12, I18)

scholarly journals When Innovation Goes Wrong: Technological Regress and the Opioid Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
David M. Cutler ◽  
Edward L. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Supply Side ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Illegal Market ◽  
Mental Health Impairment ◽  
Opioid Deaths

The fourfold increase in opioid deaths between 2000 and 2017 rivals even the COVID-19 pandemic as a health crisis for America. Why did it happen? Measures of demand for pain relief – physical pain and despair – are high and in many cases rising, but their increase was nowhere near as large as the increase in deaths. The primary shift is in supply, primarily of new forms of allegedly safer narcotics. These new pain relievers flowed in greater volume to areas with more physical pain and mental health impairment, but since their apparent safety was an illusion, opioid deaths followed. By the end of the 2000s, restrictions on legal opioids led to further supply-side innovations, which created the burgeoning illegal market that accounts for the bulk of opioid deaths today. Because opioid use is easier to start than end, America's opioid epidemicis likely to persist for some time.

scholarly journals U.S. Drug Policy and Supply Side Strategies: Assessing Effectiveness and Results

Norteamérica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Keck ◽  
◽  
Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Supply Side

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCanna ◽  
Giacinto DeLapa
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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