scholarly journals Screening Diverse Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa ssp.) Mini Germplasm for Tolerance to Heat and Complete Submergence Stress During Seedling Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandrea Stallworth ◽  
Swati Shrestha ◽  
Brooklyn Schumaker ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Te-Ming Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

Rice is a staple food for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide, with Asia producing almost 90% of the global rice yield. In the US, rice is primarily produced in four regions: Arkansas Grand Prairie, Mississippi Delta, Gulf Coast, and Sacramento Valley of California. Arkansas currently accounts for more than 50% of the rice produced in the US. As global temperatures continue to rise and fluctuate, crop-breeding programs must continue to evolve. Unfortunately, sudden submergence due to climate change and unpredictable flash flooding can cause yield reduction up to 100% and affect 20 million ha of agricultural farmlands. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that temperatures higher than 34°C can cause spikelet infertility resulting in up to 60% reduction in yield. One major drawback to developing abiotic stress-tolerant rice is the loss of critical traits such as vegetative vigor, spikelet fertility, and grain quality, which are essential in increasing economic return for farmers. To replace traits lost in past breeding endeavors, weedy rice (WR) has been proposed as a source for novel trait discovery to improve rice breeding programs. Therefore, the goal of this study was to screen and identify heat- and submergence-tolerant WR accessions. A WR mini germplasm consisting of seedlings at the 3–4 leaf stage was exposed to heat (38°C) and complete submergence for 21 days. After each treatment, height was recorded every 7 days for 28 days, and biomass was collected 28 days after treatment. The average height reduction across all accessions was 19 and 21% at 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT) for the heat-stress treatment. The average height reduction across all accessions was 25 and 33% for the complete submergence stress. The average biomass reduction across all accessions was 18 and 21% for heat and complete submergence stress, respectively. Morphologically, at 28 DAT, 28% of the surviving WR accessions in the heat-stress treatment with <20% height reduction were straw-colored hull types without awns. Under complete submergence stress, 33% of the surviving WR accessions were blackhull types without awns. These specific biotypes may play a role in the increased resilience of WR populations to heat or submergence stress. The results presented in this paper will highlight elite WR accessions that can survive the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Role of MAPKs in HSP70’s Protection against Heat Stress-Induced Injury in Rat Small Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hao ◽  
Yuejin Feng ◽  
Jielei Li ◽  
Xianhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

Aim. To evaluate the role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on the MAPK pathway activation with quercetin treatment and its protection against small intestine impairments of heat stressed rats. Methods. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 weeks were randomized to three groups (n=16/group), namely, control (CON), heat stress (HS), and heat stress + quercetin (HQ). The experiment lasted for 14 days with daily 50 min of heat stress treatment (43°C) for the HS and HQ groups. Rats of HQ group were intragastrically given 0.5 ml quercetin solution (50 mg/kg body weight) before the heat stress treatment. Half of the animals were sacrificed on day 7 and the rest on day 14 for tissue sampling. Intestinal morphology, small intestine morphology and permeability, protein expression of HSP70, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and caspase-3 activity were examined. Results. Heat stress caused morphological damage to the small intestine and increased intestinal permeability. HSP70 expression and MAPK activity in the small intestine were increased by heat stress. Inhibition of HSP70 by quercetin did not change intestinal permeability compared with the HS group but aggravated intestinal injury and affected the activation of MAPKs and caspase-3. Conclusions. HSP70 may modulate stress-activated signaling and acts in a protective manner via MAPK signaling. Affecting HSP70 protective mechanisms could be useful for protection against heat stress-induced injury in rat small intestine.

scholarly journals Daily heat stress treatment rescues denervation-activated mitochondrial clearance and atrophy in skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 593 (12) ◽  
pp. 2707-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tamura ◽  
Yu Kitaoka ◽  
Yutaka Matsunaga ◽  
Daisuke Hoshino ◽  
Hideo Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

High temperature stress tolerance in wheat genotypes: Role of antioxidant defence enzymes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Almeselmani ◽  
P. Deshmukh ◽  
R. Sairam
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Peroxide Content ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

Two wheat genotypes, C 306 (tolerant) and PBW 343 (susceptible to temperature stress) were grown in growth chambers in the phytotron facility of IARI, New Delhi. The plants were maintained at 18/23°C (control) and 25/35°C (temperature stress) night/day temperatures after maximum tillering. Water potential was significantly reduced at anthesis, and at 7 and 15 days after anthesis in both genotypes in the heat stress treatment, and a greater reduction was recorded in PBW 343. The membrane stability index was also lower in the heat stress treatment in both genotypes at the vegetative stage, at anthesis and at 15 days after anthesis, and a greater reduction was observed in PBW 343 than in C 306. The hydrogen peroxide content increased as the plants advanced in age, and a higher hydrogen peroxide content was recorded in PBW 343 than in C 306 at different stages of growth in the heat stress treatment. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (POX) activities increased significantly at all stages of growth in C 306 in response to heat stress treatment, while PBW 343 showed a significant reduction in catalase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities in the high temperature treatment. Northern blot showed a significant increase in the APX -mRNA level under heat stress at the vegetative and anthesis stages, and the expression was greater in C 306. From the results it is apparent that the antioxidant defence mechanism plays an important role in the heat stress tolerance of wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals Effects of heat stress treatment and leucine supplementation on age‐related muscle loss in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kakigi ◽  
Ayumi Goto ◽  
Toshinori Yoshihara ◽  
Takamasa Tsuzuki ◽  
Hisashi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

scholarly journals Contribution of trans regulatory eQTL to cryptic genetic variation in C. elegans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Basten Snoek ◽  
Mark G. Sterken ◽  
Roel P. J. Bevers ◽  
Rita J. M. Volkers ◽  
Arjen van’t Hof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Cryptic Genetic Variation ◽  
Inbred Population ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Population ◽  
Heat Stress Treatment

AbstractBackgroundCryptic genetic variation (CGV) is the hidden genetic variation that can be unlocked by perturbing normal conditions. CGV can drive the emergence of novel complex phenotypes through changes in gene expression. Although our theoretical understanding of CGV has thoroughly increased over the past decade, insight into polymorphic gene expression regulation underlying CGV is scarce. Here we investigated the transcriptional architecture of CGV in response to rapid temperature changes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We analyzed regulatory variation in gene expression (and mapped eQTL) across the course of a heat stress and recovery response in a recombinant inbred population.ResultsWe measured gene expression over three temperature treatments: i) control, ii) heat stress, and iii) recovery from heat stress. Compared to control, exposure to heat stress affected the transcription of 3305 genes, whereas 942 were affected in recovering animals. These affected genes were mainly involved in metabolism and reproduction. The gene expression pattern in recovering animals resembled both the control and the heat-stress treatment. We mapped eQTL using the genetic variation of the recombinant inbred population and detected 2626 genes with an eQTL in the heat-stress treatment, 1797 in the control, and 1880 in the recovery. The cis-eQTL were highly shared across treatments. A considerable fraction of the trans-eQTL (40-57%) mapped to 19 treatment specific trans-bands. In contrast to cis-eQTL, trans-eQTL were highly environment specific and thus cryptic. Approximately 67% of the trans-eQTL were only induced in a single treatment, with heat-stress showing the most unique trans-eQTL.ConclusionsThese results illustrate the highly dynamic pattern of CGV across three different environmental conditions that can be evoked by a stress response over a relatively short time-span (2 hours) and that CGV is mainly determined by response related trans regulatory eQTL.

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