scholarly journals Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ouyang ◽  
Silvere D. Zaongo ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Qi ◽  
Aizhen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus coinfection and lymphoma risk in people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Besson ◽  
Nicolas Noel ◽  
Remi Lancar ◽  
Sophie Prevot ◽  
Michele Algarte-Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lymphoma Risk

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus prevalence, immunization and immune response in people living with HIV/AIDS in Istanbul, Turkey: a 21-year data analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1621-8
Author(s):  
Esra Zerdali ◽  
Inci Yilmaz Nakir ◽  
Serkan Surme ◽  
Mustafa Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective: We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018. Results: Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014). Conclusion: HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA. Keywords: HIV; Hepatitis B; prevalence.

HIV/Hepatitis Co-infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Barnett ◽  
Margaret Hoffman-Terry
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Infection ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Living With Hiv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common in people living with HIV, and all patients with HIV should be screened for HBV infection. The most common route of transmission worldwide is through perinatal or early childhood exposure, but adult transmission of HBV is often by routes similar to those for HIV, including sexual contact and injection drug use. Although it varies by exposure route, approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients also have chronic HBV infection, and up to 90% have serologic evidence of past exposure to HBV. Long-term complications of HBV infection can include cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Suppression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 α by Long-term Infection of Hepatitis B Virus Contributes to Tumor Cell Proliferation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Soree Park ◽  
Yea Na Ha ◽  
Mehrangiz Dezhbord ◽  
Ah Ram Lee ◽  
Eun-Sook Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Model Following ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4Α

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor in the development of various liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among HBV encoded proteins, HBV X protein (HBx) is known to play a key role in the development of HCC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear transcription factor which is critical for hepatocyte differentiation. However, the expression level as well as its regulatory mechanism in HBV infection have yet to be clarified. Here, we observed the suppression of HNF4α in cells which stably express HBV whole genome or HBx protein alone, while transient transfection of HBV replicon or HBx plasmid had no effect on the HNF4α level. Importantly, in the stable HBV- or HBx-expressing hepatocytes, the downregulated level of HNF4α was restored by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Our data show that HNF4α was suppressed during long-term HBV infection in cultured HepG2-NTCP cells as well as in a mouse model following hydrodynamic injection of pAAV-HBV or in mice intravenously infected with rAAV-HBV. Importantly, HNF4α downregulation increased cell proliferation, which contributed to the formation and development of tumor in xenograft nude mice. The data presented here provide proof of the effect of HBV infection in manipulating the HNF4α regulatory pathway in HCC development.

Serological patterns of hepatitis B virus infection among people living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Oluwasola Grace Akinniyi ◽  
Stephen Oluwasegun Adetunji ◽  
Lateefah Adeola Alawode-Obabiyi ◽  
Margaret Oluwatoyin Japhet ◽  
Emmanuel Donbraye
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with or at risk for HIV: A cross sectional study in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun A. ADEYEMI ◽  
Andrew MITCHELL ◽  
Ashley SHUTT ◽  
Trevor A. CROWELL ◽  
Nicaise NDEMBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Condomless Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the development of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine in 1982, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to shared risk factors for virus acquisition, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) living with HIV are at increased risk of HBV. We estimated the prevalence of HBV and associated factors for MSM and TGW living with or without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Since March 2013, TRUST/RV368 has recruited MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria using respondent driven sampling. Participants with HIV diagnosis, enrollment as of June 2015, and available plasma were retrospectively tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with prevalent HBV infection. Results A total of 717 MSM and TGW had a median age of 25 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21-27), 5% self-reported HBV vaccination, 61% were living with HIV, 10% had prevalent HBV infection and 6% were HIV-HBV co-infected. HIV mono-infected as compared to HIV-HBV co-infected had a higher median CD4 T cell count [425 (IQR: 284-541) vs. 345 (IQR: 164-363) cells/mm 3 , p=0.03] and a lower median HIV RNA viral load [4.2 (IQR: 2.3-4.9) vs. 4.7 (IQR: 3.9-5.4) log 10 copies/mL, p<0.01]. The only factor independently associated with HBV was self-report of condomless sex at last anal intercourse (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 3.6). HIV infection was not independently associated with HBV (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.6). Conclusion HBV prevalence was moderately high but did not differ by HIV in this cohort of MSM and TGW. Condomless sex was associated with elevated HBV risk, reinforcing the need to increase communication and education on condom use among key populations in Nigeria. Evaluating use of concurrent HIV antiretroviral therapy with anti-HBV activity may confirm the attenuated HBV prevalence for those living with HIV.

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