A Pulse Wave Velocity Based Method to Assess the Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Limits of Autoregulation in Peripheral Arteries

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

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Effect of cold exposure on resistance to hemorrhage in dogs

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.715 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 196 (4) ◽

pp. 715-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leslie A. Kuhn ◽

Lot B. Page ◽

John K. Turner ◽

Julian Frieden

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Normal Range ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

The Mean ◽

A Minor

Effects of progressive hemorrhage during severe cold exposure were studied in 17 unanesthetized dogs. The amount of blood required to be withdrawn to reduce the mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg by a standardized bleeding procedure was determined in the same animals at air temperatures of +25°C and –25°C. Cold-exposed dogs showed a statistically significant increased ‘resistance’ to hemorrhage in that an average withdrawal of 20% more blood was required to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to shock levels in the cold than in the same dogs at comfortable temperature. In six animals it was necessary to draw a minor, but measurably greater, amount of blood from a given dog to produce hypotension during cold exposure than when the procedure was performed at a comfortable temperature and, in two animals, a minor, but measurably less, amount of blood was withdrawn during cold exposure. In seven animals a significantly greater amount of blood was drawn in the cold than in a neutral environment, but in some of these animals the control bleeding was apparently substandard. In two animals the control bleedings were in the normal range and bleedings were substandard in the cold. Cortisone administration did not alter resistance to hemorrhage during cold exposure.

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The Effect of Butorphanol on the Mean Arterial Blood Pressure of Laboring Women With Hypertension [8L]

Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1097/01.aog.0000483417.83740.c1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 99S-100S

Author(s):

Angeline Seah ◽

Joseph Chappelle

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Mean

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Spironolactone Reduces Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Resistant Hypertension Independent of Blood Pressure Change

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.019434 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sudeep R. Aryal ◽

Mohammed Siddiqui ◽

Oleg F. Sharifov ◽

Megan D. Coffin ◽

Bin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Resistant Hypertension ◽

Aortic Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist ◽

Stiffness Reduction ◽

Arterial Blood

Background Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with arterial hypertension. Resistant hypertension is often linked to hyperaldosteronism and associated with adverse outcomes. Spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce both the arterial blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension. However, the mechanism of aortic stiffness reduction by spironolactone is not well understood. We hypothesized that spironolactone reduces aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension independently of BP change. Methods and Results Patients with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive medications (including diuretics) were prospectively recruited. Participants were started on spironolactone at 25 mg/d, and increased to 50 mg/d at 4 weeks while other antihypertensive medications were withdrawn to maintain constant mean BP. Phase‐contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the ascending aorta was performed in 30 participants at baseline and after 6 months of spironolactone treatment to measure aortic pulsatility, distensibility, and pulse wave velocity. Pulse wave velocity decreased (6.3±2.3 m/s to 4.5±1.8 m/s, P <0.001) and pulsatility and distensibility increased (15.9%±5.3% to 22.1%±7.9%, P <0.001; and 0.28%±0.10%/mm Hg to 0.40%±0.14%/mm Hg, P <0.001, respectively) following 6 months of spironolactone. Conclusions Our results suggest that spironolactone improves aortic properties in resistant hypertension independently of BP, which may support the hypothesis of an effect of aldosterone on the arterial wall. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm our findings.

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Decreased arterial compliance assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity is an important parameter for monitoring of blood pressure in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 4036

Author(s):

H. Yilmaz Ak ◽

Y. Ozsahin ◽

N. Baskurt Aladag ◽

F. Gencoglu ◽

B. Sahin Yildiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Control Group ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Blood

Aim. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are more likely to have higher risk of cardiac events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used to measure the aortic dis-tensibility and it is known as inversely related to the arterial compliance. Increased aortic stiffness which is assessed by PWV, is seem to be associated with arterial blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the arterial compliance by PWV in patients with CID including RA and FMF.Material and methods. We studied 25 patients with RA, 33 patients with FMF and 31 healthy subjects without a history of any cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (89 subjects in total). We measured the arterial compliance by automatic carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV using Complior Colson (France) device. PWV (m/s) = distance (m)/transit time(s).Results. It is seen that, patients with CID have higher carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV (8,76±2,09 vs 8,07±0,94 m/s) compared to control groups (p=0,03). There were significant correlations between PWV and age, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure. (p<0,001, r=0,65; p<0,001, r=0,36; p<0,001, r=0,42; p<0,001, r=0,46; p<0,001, r=0,48, respectively).Conclusion. Arterial compliance, which is assessed by carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV, is decreased in patients with CID such as RA and FMF when it is compared to healthy control group.

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Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions under hypo- or normotensive hypovolaemia in the rat

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1720303 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 172 (2) ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

E Bojanowska ◽

B Stempniak

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Volume Depletion ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Mean ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

To date, glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (tGLP-1) has been found to affect the neurohypophysial and cardiovascular functions in normotensive and normovolaemic rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible effects of tGLP-1 on the mean arterial blood pressure and the release of vasopressin and oxytocin under conditions of blood volume depletion in the rat. In the first series of experiments, the animals were injected i.p. with either 0.15 M saline or 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG caused an 18% reduction of blood volume 1 h after injection. No significant changes in the mean arterial blood pressure were found in either normo- or hypovolaemic rats during the experiment. tGLP-1 injected i.c.v. at a dose of 1 microg/5 microl 1 h after the i.p. injection increased similarly the arterial blood pressure in normo- and hypovolaemic rats. The plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations were markedly elevated in hypovolaemic animals and tGLP-1 further augmented the release of both hormones. In the second study, hypovolaemia was induced by double blood withdrawal. The haemorrhage resulted in a marked decrease of the mean arterial blood pressure and in the elevated plasma vasopressin/oxytocin concentrations. tGLP-1 injected immediately after the second blood withdrawal increased the arterial blood pressure. In parallel, tGLP-1 enhanced significantly vasopressin and oxytocin secretion when compared with haemorrhaged, saline-injected rats. The results of this study indicate that tGLP-1 may affect the arterial blood pressure and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones under pathological conditions brought about by blood volume depletion.

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