scholarly journals Anatomical Comparison of Antennal Lobes in Two Sibling Ectropis Moths: Emphasis on the Macroglomerular Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Kang He ◽  
Zong-xiu Luo ◽  
Xiao-ming Cai ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
Important Basis

Ectropis obliqua and Ectropis grisescens are two sibling moth species of tea plantations in China. The male antennae of both species can detect shared and specific sex pheromone components. Thus, the primary olfactory center, i.e., the antennal lobe (AL), plays a vital role in distinguishing the sex pheromones. To provide evidence for the possible mechanism allowing this distinction, in this study, we compared the macroglomerular complex (MGC) of the AL between the males of the two species by immunostaining using presynaptic antibody and propidium iodide (PI) with antennal backfills, and confocal imaging and digital 3D-reconstruction. The results showed that MGC of both E. obliqua and E. grisescens contained five glomeruli at invariant positions between the species. However, the volumes of the anterior-lateral glomerulus (ALG) and posterior-ventral (PV) glomerulus differed between the species, possibly related to differences in sensing sex pheromone compounds and their ratios between E. obliqua and E. grisescens. Our results provide an important basis for the mechanism of mating isolation between these sibling moth species.

Sex pheromones of Callosobruchus subinnotatus and C. maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): congeneric responses and role of air movement

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. Mbata ◽  
S. Shu ◽  
S.B. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Callosobruchus Subinnotatus

Females of Callosobruchus spp. are known to produce sex pheromones that attract males. These sex pheromones cannot be adopted for use in pest management without first investigating the responses of the males in the windless conditions of storage environments. Consequently, behavioural bioassays of Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic males were conducted in an olfactometer in the absence of air-flow. Under these conditions males were found to be able to follow odour trails to the source. However, the latency period was longer in diffusional bioassays than for insects in a Y-tube olfactometer that provided directional wind cues. The highest percentage of males reached the pheromone source when components of the pheromones, (E)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (E32A) and (Z)-3-methyl-2-heptenoic acid (Z32A), were formulated in a 50:50 or 25:75 ratio. Males of C. maculatus (Fabricius) responded to sex pheromone of C. subinnotatus, but males of C. subinnotatus did not respond to that of C. maculatus. The two sex pheromone components of C. subinnotatus are also constituents of C. maculatus sex pheromone. These two components may be potentially useful in monitoring the populations of both species in stored beans. It is postulated that (Z)-3-methyl-3-heptenoic acid (Z33A), the major component of the sex pheromone of C. maculatus, must have acted as an antagonist inhibiting response of C. subinnotatus to the sex pheromone of C. maculatus.

scholarly journals Sex Pheromones ofStenotus rubrovittatusandTrigonotylus caelestialium, Two Mirid Bugs Causing Pecky Rice, and Their Application to Insect Monitoring in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yasuda ◽  
Hiroya Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Hexyl Butyrate ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Insect Monitoring ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Trigonotylus Caelestialium

Two mirid bugs,Stenotus rubrovittatusandTrigonotylus caelestialium(Heteroptera: Miridae), are important pests that infest rice crops in many regions of Japan. Males of each species were attracted to traps baited with conspecific, unmated females. Hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal were identified as possible female-produced sex pheromone components forS. rubrovittatus, whereas hexyl hexanoate, (E)-2-hexenyl hexanoate, and octyl butyrate were found to be sex pheromone components forT. caelestialium. Pheromone doses and ratios were optimized for attraction of males of each species. Sticky traps set up close to or below the top of the plant canopy were optimal for monitoring these species, and trap catches were almost constant when traps were placed 7 or more meters in from the edge of a paddy field. Mixed lures, in which the six compounds from both species were loaded onto a single septum, or separate lures for each species, deployed in a single trap, were equally effective for monitoring both species simultaneously.

Glomerular representation of plant volatiles and sex pheromone components in the antennal lobe of the female Spodoptera littoralis

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhat M. Sadek ◽  
Bill S. Hansson ◽  
Jean Pierre Rospars ◽  
Sylvia Anton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Staining Techniques

SUMMARY We studied the projection patterns of antennal lobe (AL) interneurones sensitive to plant volatiles and female-produced sex pheromone components in the female moth, Spodoptera littoralis. Ten compounds (eight plant-derived compounds and two sex pheromone components) were singly applied to the antenna and, using intracellular recording and staining techniques, the physiological and morphological characteristics of responding neurones were investigated. In addition, ALs stained with a synapsin antibody were optically sectioned using confocal microscopy, and a three-dimensional map of glomeruli in the anterior aspect of the AL was reconstructed. We used the map as a reference for identification of glomeruli innervated by projection neurones(PNs) that respond to plant volatiles and/or pheromone components. Nineteen PNs, responding to one to seven compounds of the ten tested stimuli, were stained with neurobiotin. These neurones each arborised in a single glomerulus in the frontal side of the AL. PNs responding to the same compound arborised in different glomeruli and PNs arborising in the same glomerulus responded to different compounds. Accordingly, glomeruli harbouring the dendritic arborisations of PNs responding to each of the tested compounds constituted a unique array of glomeruli that were not necessarily adjacent. It was thus clear that, at the output level, a single plant volatile or a sex pheromone component was not represented within a single glomerulus in the AL. We expect complex patterns of glomeruli to be involved in the coding of plant-derived compounds, as well as sex pheromone components, in female S. littoralis.

scholarly journals Antennal lobe organization and pheromone usage in bombycid moths

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20140096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Namiki ◽  
Takaaki Daimon ◽  
Chika Iwatsuki ◽  
Toru Shimada ◽  
Ryohei Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Bombyx Mandarina ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
Mating Signal

We investigated the neuroanatomy of the macroglomerular complex (MGC), which is involved in sex pheromone processing, in five species in the subfamily Bombycinae, including Ernolatia moorei , Trilocha varians , Rondotia menciana , Bombyx mandarina and Bombyx mori . The glomerulus located at the dorsal-most part of the olfactory centre shows the largest volume in moth species examined to date. Such normal glomerular organization has been observed in E. moorei and T. varians , which use a two-component mixture and includes the compound bombykal as a mating signal. By contrast, the other three species, which use another component as a single attractant, exhibited a modified arrangement of the MGC. This correlation between pheromone usage and neural organization may be useful for understanding the process of speciation.

De novo biosynthesis of sex pheromone components of Helicoverpa armigera through an artificial pathway in yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguo Jiang ◽  
Jiangfan Ma ◽  
yongjun Wei ◽  
Yining Liu ◽  
Zhihua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Artificial Pathway ◽  
Main Components

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, causes severe damage to the yields of cotton and other crops. (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald), as the main components of H. armigera sex pheromones,...

IDENTIFICATION OF SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF THE SIBLING SPECIES EUXOA RIDINGSIANA (GRT.) AND EUXOA MAIMES (SM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), AND BLENDS FOR THEIR SPECIFIC ATTRACTION

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Struble ◽  
J.R. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Pheromone Blends ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe sex-pheromone components of the sibling species Euxoa ridingsiana and Euxoa maimes were identified in abdomen-tip washes and extracts of calling female moths. Both species produced the same primary pheromone component, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (i.e. Z9-14:Ac), but they produced different amounts of secondary pheromone components. In the field, male moths of E. ridingsiana were specifically attracted to a 3-component blend of Z7-12:Ac, and Z7-14:Ac, and Z9-14:Ac in a ratio of 1:2:40 at 500 μg per dispenser, and males of E. maimes were specifically attracted to a 5-component blend of Z7-14:Ac, Z9-14:Ac, Zl 1-14:Ac, Zll-16:Ac, andZll-16:OH in a ratio of 1.5:500:5:50:2.5 at 500 μg per dispenser. Both synthetic pheromone blends were competitive with conspecific females. These pheromone analyses confirm that E. ridingsiana and E. maimes are valid biological species that can maintain their reproductive isolation solely by specific sex pheromones.

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