scholarly journals Canine Olfaction: Physiology, Behavior, and Possibilities for Practical Applications

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2463
Author(s):  
Agata Kokocińska-Kusiak ◽  
Martyna Woszczyło ◽  
Mikołaj Zybala ◽  
Julia Maciocha ◽  
Katarzyna Barłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Olfactory Abilities ◽  
Canine Olfaction

Olfaction in dogs is crucial for gathering important information about the environment, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning. It is far more specialized and sensitive than humans’ sense of smell. Using the strength of dogs’ sense of smell, humans work with dogs for the recognition of different odors, with a precision far exceeding the analytical capabilities of most modern instruments. Due to their extremely sensitive sense of smell, dogs could be used as modern, super-sensitive mobile area scanners, detecting specific chemical signals in real time in various environments outside the laboratory, and then tracking the odor of dynamic targets to their source, also in crowded places. Recent studies show that dogs can detect not only specific scents of drugs or explosives, but also changes in emotions as well as in human cell metabolism during various illnesses, including COVID-19 infection. Here, we provide an overview of canine olfaction, discussing aspects connected with anatomy, physiology, behavioral aspects of sniffing, and factors influencing the olfactory abilities of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

Associations among behavioral inhibition and owner-rated attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and personality in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Bunford ◽  
Barbara Csibra ◽  
Csenge Peták ◽  
Bence Ferdinandy ◽  
Ádám Miklósi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dog

Pattern of nipple use by puppies: A comparison of the dingo (Canis dingo) and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Hudson ◽  
Heiko G. Rödel ◽  
Marise Trejo Elizalde ◽  
Lourdes Arteaga ◽  
Gerard A. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dog

Isotope recycling in lactating dogs (Canis familiaris)

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R669-R676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scantlebury ◽  
Waring Hynds ◽  
Derek Booles ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Peak Lactation

Isotope-based techniques for the measurement of water turnover, energy expenditure, and milk intake often assume that there is no recycling of isotopes once they have left the labeled animal. In experiments involving lactating females or their suckling offspring, there are several possible routes of isotope recycling. These include the consumption of labeled milk by offspring, the ingestion of labeled excreta, and the rebreathing of exhaled labeled CO2 or water vapor by both mother and offspring. Isotope recycling might be especially important during lactation because the offspring are in close contact with each other and their mother for prolonged periods. We show here in 24- to 30-day-old domestic dog Canis familiarispuppies that there was no detectable transfer of 18O or2H from labeled to unlabeled pups in two litters (16 pups, 8 labeled, 8 unlabeled) that were weaned early and independent of their mother. However, there was a significant transfer of both isotopes from labeled to unlabeled pups and from labeled pups to their mothers in nine equivalent nursing litters of the same age (27 labeled, 26 unlabeled pups). The increases in enrichment of isotopes in unlabeled offspring were greater than the increases in enrichment of the mothers. This indicates that maternal ingestion of offspring excreta and subsequent transfer of isotope in milk is not the sole pathway of recycling. Additional routes must also be important, such as exchange of isotope between pups on saliva-coated nipples and perhaps direct ingestion of excreta by unweaned young. Recycling is unlikely to be an important factor when determining maternal metabolic rate during peak lactation in domestic dogs. However, experiments that are designed to assess the energy demands of pups and isotope-based estimates of water turnover in offspring may need to take into account any effects of isotope recycling. In a theoretical example, removing the effects of recycling increased the measured energy expenditure in pups by up to 7% and increased the calculated elimination rates of both isotopes by up to 11.1% in 18oxygen and 10.9% in2hydrogen.

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