scholarly journals Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Stagonospora nodorum Berk.

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Veselova ◽  
Tatyana V. Nuzhnaya ◽  
Guzel F. Burkhanova ◽  
Sergey D. Rumyantsev ◽  
Elza K. Khusnutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Signaling Crosstalk ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

Ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid are the key phytohormones involved in plant immunity, and other plant hormones have been demonstrated to interact with them. The classic phytohormone cytokinins are important participants of plant defense signaling. Crosstalk between ethylene and cytokinins has not been sufficiently studied as an aspect of plant immunity and is addressed in the present research. We compared expression of the genes responsible for hormonal metabolism and signaling in wheat cultivars differing in resistance to Stagonospora nodorum in response to their infection with fungal isolates, whose virulence depends on the presence of the necrotrophic effector SnTox3. Furthermore, we studied the action of the exogenous cytokinins, ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, ethylene-releasing agent) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, inhibitor of ethylene action) on infected plants. Wheat susceptibility was shown to develop due to suppression of reactive oxygen species production and decreased content of active cytokinins brought about by SnTox3-mediated activation of the ethylene signaling pathway. SnTox3 decreased cytokinin content most quickly by its activated glucosylation in an ethylene-dependent manner and, furthermore, by oxidative degradation and inhibition of biosynthesis in ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent manners. Exogenous zeatin application enhanced wheat resistance against S. nodorum through inhibition of the ethylene signaling pathway and upregulation of SA-dependent genes. Thus, ethylene inhibited triggering of SA-dependent resistance mechanism, at least in part, by suppression of the cytokinin signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (276) ◽  
pp. cm4-cm4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Stepanova ◽  
J. M. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Overexpression of Galactinol Synthase 1 From Solanum Commersonii (ScGolS1) Confers Freezing Tolerance In Transgenic Potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyan He ◽  
Jianfei Xu ◽  
Yinqiao Jian ◽  
Shaoguang Duan ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Galactinol Synthase ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway ◽  
Freezing Treatment

Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Low temperature causes serious damage to potato plants every year, and freezing tolerance has become a hot spot in potato research. Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the ScGolS1 gene from S. commersonii was cloned and introduced into the S. tuberosum cultivars ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Desiree’ via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Phenotyping assay showed that overexpression of the ScGolS1 could significantly improve freezing tolerance in transgenic potato plants. Further physiological and biochemical results showed that the relative conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of the transgenic lines decreased, and the plant survival rate increased compared with wild type (WT). Moreover, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, CBF downstream cold responsive genes COR413, COR47 and ERF transcription factor genes ERF3, ERF4, ERF6 in the ethylene signaling pathway were all induced by freezing treatment, while higher levels were observed in ScGolS1 overexpression lines compared with WT. In addition, other genes such as MIPS, STS and RS genes from RFO metabolic pathway and some sugars content were altered in response to freezing treatment. This indicates that overexpression of the ScGolS1 gene induced both the regulation of the ethylene signaling pathway and the metabolism of raffinose series oligosaccharides, regulating the balance of sugar composition and improved anti-peroxidation capacity, and thereby improved freezing tolerance in potato. These results provide theoretical support and genetic resources for freezing tolerance breeding in potato.

Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (276) ◽  
pp. cm3-cm3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Stepanova ◽  
J. M. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Involvement of Arabidopsis Histone Acetyltransferase HAC Family Genes in the Ethylene Signaling Pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jiang Xu ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Qingyun Li ◽  
Hongchun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Revisiting the Role of Ethylene and N-End Rule Pathway on Chilling-Induced Dormancy Release in Arabidopsis Seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhazira Yesbergenova-Cuny ◽  
Catherine Biniek ◽  
Christophe Bailly ◽  
Hayat El-Maarouf-Bouteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

Dormant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds do not germinate easily at temperatures higher than 10–15 °C. Using mutants affected in ethylene signaling (etr1, ein2 and ein4) and in the N-end-rule pathway of the proteolysis (prt6 and ate1-ate2) we have investigated the effects of cold and ethylene on dormancy alleviation. Ethylene (10–100 ppm) and 2–4 days chilling (4 °C) strongly stimulate the germination of wild type (Col-0) seeds at 25 °C. Two to four days of chilling promote the germination at 25 °C of all the mutants suggesting that release of dormancy by cold did not require ethylene and did not require the N-end-rule pathway. One mutant (etr1) that did not respond to ethylene did not respond to GA3 either. Mutants affected in the N-end rule (prt6 and ate1-ate2) did not respond to ethylene indicating that also this pathway is required for dormancy alleviation by ethylene; they germinated after chilling and in the presence of GA3. Cold can activate the ethylene signaling pathway since it induced an accumulation of ETR1, EINI4, and EIN2 transcripts, the expression of which was not affected by ethylene and GA3. Both cold followed by 10 h at 25 °C and ethylene downregulated the expression of PRT6, ATE1, ATE2, and of ABI5 involved in ABA signaling as compared to dormant seeds incubated at 25 °C. In opposite, the expression of RGA, GAI, and RGL2 encoding three DELLAs was induced at 4 °C but downregulated in the presence of ethylene.

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