scholarly journals Ultrasound Technologies and the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Dragoș Cătălin Jianu ◽  
Silviana Nina Jianu ◽  
Traian Flavius Dan ◽  
Georgiana Munteanu ◽  
Claudiu Dumitru Bîrdac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Dark Halo

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary autoimmune vasculitis that specifically affects medium-sized extracranial arteries, like superficial temporal arteries (TAs). The most important data to be considered for the ultrasound (US) diagnosis of temporal arteritis are stenosis, acute occlusions and “dark halo” sign, which represent the edema of the vascular wall. The vessel wall thickening of large vessels in GCA can be recognized by the US, which has high sensitivity and is facile to use. Ocular complications of GCA are common and consist especially of anterior arterial ischemic optic neuropathies or central retinal artery occlusion with sudden, painless, and sharp loss of vision in the affected eye. Color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels (showing low-end diastolic velocities and a high resistance index) is essential to quickly differentiate the mechanism of ocular involvement (arteritic versus non-arteritic), since the characteristics of TAs on US do not correspond with ocular involvement on GCA. GCA should be cured immediately with systemic corticosteroids to avoid further visual loss of the eyes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Color Doppler Imaging Criteria for the Ophthalmic Artery and Central Retinal Artery in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity with and Without Plus Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Soleimani ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Ghetmiri ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahrar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Mean

Background: Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a non-aggressive and safe technique for the clinical management of retinal diseases. Recently, the number of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased due to the incidence of premature births. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the CDI criteria for the ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) in ROP infants with and without plus disease. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 42 premature infants (21 infants with plus disease and 21 infants without plus disease) underwent CDI. The arterial CDI parameters, including end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV), were measured in these patients. After collecting the data, t-test and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean EDV of CRA in patients with and without plus disease was 4.35 ± 1.00 and 5.27 ± 1.02 cm/sec, respectively (P = 0.005). The mean PSV of CRA in patients with and without plus disease was 15.65 ± 3.35 and 18.39 ± 4.39 cm/sec, respectively (P = 0.029). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of PSV or EDV of OA (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the two groups considering the RI and PI of CRA and OA (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, CDI criteria, such as EDV and PSV of CRA, were significantly lower in infants with plus disease as compared to those without plus disease. Since detecting the early stages of plus disease is a challenge for ophthalmologists, assessment of these criteria can be helpful for differentiation of these two subgroups of patients. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine the cutoff value.

Orbital color Doppler imaging in Behçet’s disease with or without ocular involvement

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Isik ◽  
Baki Yagci ◽  
Cem Yildirim ◽  
Volkan Yaylali ◽  
Sınan Tatlipinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Orbital Color Doppler Imaging

scholarly journals The Effect of Nebulized Dorzolamide/Timolol Fixed Combination Mist versus Drops on Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ingrida Janulevičienė ◽  
Lina Šiaudvytytė ◽  
Rūta Baršauskaitė ◽  
Vaida Dilienė ◽  
Loreta Kuzmienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Fixed Combination ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Retrobulbar Blood Flow

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP), retrobulbar blood flow (RBF), and ocular side effects after the application of topical dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) drops vs topical nebulized DTFC mist in patients with primary openangle glaucoma. Material and Methods. A total of 15 POAG patients were enrolled in a prospective study. Retrobulbar blood flow was measured in the ophthalmic (OA) and central retinal (CRA) arteries using color Doppler imaging. DTFC mist or drops were applied to the experimental eye, and it was examined after 15 and 60 minutes. DTFC mist was applied 6 times for 30 seconds using a misting device. Results. DTFC mist significantly increased peak-systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic (EDV) velocities after 15 and 60 minutes in both the arteries (OA: increase of 12.5% and 9.6% in PSV, P=0.01; increase of 25.8% and 23.1% in EDV, P=0.03; CRA: increase of 11.5% and 8.7% in PSV, increase of 32% and 21.6% in EDV, respectively, P<0.05). DTFC drops had a similar effect on PSV and EDV in the CRA after 15 and 60 minutes (increase of 8.1% and 9.6% in PSV; increase of 17.1% and 23% in EDV, respectively, P=0.03), but a significant effect on PSV and EDV in the OA was documented only after 15 minutes (increase of 9% and 21.4%, respectively, P=0.02). DTFC mist reduced the resistance index in the CRA after 15 and 60 minutes (decrease of 8.5% and 10.2%, respectively, P=0.04). Both methodologies showed a significant decrease in IOP after 15 and 60 minutes (P<0.05). All patients complained of ocular irritation after drop application, and 1 patient complained of general weakness after mist treatment. Conclusions. Nebulized DTFC mist significantly reduced IOP and increased blood flow in the OA and the CRA, causing no ocular irritation as compared with traditional DTFC drop methodology.

scholarly journals Clinical and ultrasonographic features in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
Dragos Jianu ◽  
Nina Jianu ◽  
Mihnea Munteanu ◽  
Ligia Petrica
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Dark Halo ◽  
Ciliary Arteries

Background/Aim. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) represent a segmental infarction of the optic nerve head which is supplied by the posterior ciliary arteries. There are two types of AION: non-arteritic (NAAION and arteritic (A-AION), due to giant cell arteritis (GCA). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and ultrasound characteristics of the orbital vessels and superficial temporal and carotid arteries, in patients with unilateral acute AION in order to help differentiate newly diagnosed NA-AION from AAION. Methods. In this prospective comparative, observational study, 62 consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of unilateral acute AION were examined at admission and in the first two months of evolution, following a protocol including color Doppler imaging (CDI) of the orbital vessels. Results. We found 12 patients with A-AION, all of them with biopsy-confirmed disease, and 50 patients with NA-AION. A-AION patients presented a combination of a history of amaurosis fugax before acute, painless, and severe vision loss in the affected eye, and a diffuse pale optic disc edema. In these patients, CDI of the orbital vessels indicated high resistance index (RI), with severe diminished blood flow velocities in all orbital vessels, in both orbits. In the NAAION patients, none of these clinical symptoms were found and blood velocities and RI in posterior ciliary arteries were preserved. Typical sonographic feature in temporal arteritis as part of GCA was the ?dark halo? sign. Conclusions. The ultrasound investigations enable prompt differentiation between NA-AION and A-AION.

scholarly journals Color Doppler imaging and measurements of intraovarian and intrauterine vascularization on basal ultrasound examination in spontaneous ovulatory and anovulatory cycles

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranko Kutlesic ◽  
Mileva Milosavljevic ◽  
Predrag Vukomanovic ◽  
Milan Stefanovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Lower Resistance ◽  
Pulsatile Index

Background/Aim. Any organs functioning directly depends on vascularization. It applies also to the uterus and ovary which go through changes of vascularization during a menstruation cycle. The aim of this investigation was to determine differences in intrauterine and ovarian stromal arterioral blood flow on basal ultrasound examination (day 2-4) between spontaneous ovulatory and anovulatory cycles. Methods. This prospective clinical investigation included 205 patients divided into two groups: with ovulatory and with anovulatory cycles. Results. Resistance to ovarian arterioral stromal blood flow was significantly lower in the patients with ovulatory cycles (pulsatile index - PI 0.97 ? 0.4 vs 1.93 ? 1.37; p = 0.001737; and (resistance index - RI 0.55 ? 0.12 vs 0.68 ? 0.14; p = 0.040033). There were no statistically significant differences in arcuate arterioral blood flow in the pateints with ovulatory and anovulatory cycles (PI 1.21 ? 0.34 vs 61 ? 0,61 p = 0.136161 and RI 0.64 ? 0.11 vs 0.74 ? 0.07; p = 0.136649). The patients with ovulatory cycles had lower uterine radial arterioral blood flow than the patients with anovulatory cycles (PI 1.001 ? 0.22 vs 1.61 ? 0.23 p = 0.007501 and RI 0.55 ? 0.08 vs 0.71 ? 0.12; p = 0,0460113). The patients with ovulatory cycles had lower subendometrial arterioral blood flow resistance (PI 0.69 ? 0.19 vs 1.385?0.09; p = 0.00622 and RI 0.44 ? 0.09 vs 0.65 ? 0.02; p = 0.027458). Conclusion. Color Doppler ultrasuond imaging and measurements of intrauterine and ovarian stromal arterioral blood flow on basal ultrasound examination (day 2-4), showed lower resistance to blood flow in ovulatory than in anovulatory cycles.

Color Doppler Imaging Study in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Treated with Timolol 0.5% and Carteolol 2%

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Montanari ◽  
P. Marangoni ◽  
A. Oldani ◽  
R. Ratiglia ◽  
M. Raiteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose To evaluate with color Doppler imaging (CDI), in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (PDAG), the possible influence on ocular hemodynamics of a beta-blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic acitivity (carteolol 2%) compared to a beta-blocker agent without this activity. Methods A study was carried out on 20 patients, with bilateral POaG, intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 20 mmHg, all treated twice a day with timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution. The visual field was evaluated (Octopus 2000 perimeter, G1 program) examining the mean sensitivity (MS) and the mean defect (MD). CDI was carried out to evaluate the resistance index of the internal carotid artery (ICA), the ophthalmic artery (OA), the central retinal artery (CRA), and the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA). After these examinations, the therapy was changed to carteolol 2% twice a day. After six months of treatment the examinations were repeated. The data were analysed statistically using Student's t test. Results The mean intraocular pressure during treatment with timolol 0.5% was 16.7 ± 1.67 mmHg and 16.33 ± 1.72 mmHg after treatment with carteolol 2%, the difference not being significant (p=0.494). After six months of treatment with carteolol 2% the MS increased significantly from 22.4 ± 2.5 dB to 24.1 ± 1.8 dB (p=0.018), and the mean defect (MD) fell from 5.3 ± 0.8 dB to 4.7 ± 0.6 dB (p=0.011). There was no significant difference in the resistance index of the CA, the OA and the CRA with the two treatments, whereas the resistance index of the SPCA dropped significantly, from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 0.77 ± 0.02 (p = 0.017). Conclusions CDI did not show significant differences in the resistance indexes of the internal CA, the OA, and the CRA after treatment with carteolol 2% but the resistance index of the SPCA was significantly reduced. Carteolol 2% induced significant changes in the perimetric indexes examined, with an increase in MS and a decrease in MD. These findings suggest that the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol may reduce peripheral vascular resistance of the SCA, thus improving perfusion of the optic nerve head, with a protective effect on visual function.

scholarly journals Retrobulbar Hemodynamic Effects of Nipradilol in Normal and Normal-Tension Glaucoma Eyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsushi Fukukita ◽  
Masashi Ido ◽  
Syunsuke Osawa ◽  
Mikio Sasoh ◽  
Motoyasu Furuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ciliary Arteries ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Retrobulbar Hemodynamics

Purpose. To investigate the effects of nipradilol on retrobulbar hemodynamics.Methods. We investigated normal and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes. Topical nipradilol (one eye) and placebo eye drops (fellow eye) were instilled for 1 week in volunteers. Nipradilol was also instilled in NTG patients. Ultrasound color Doppler imaging for the posterior vessels was performed before, 2 hr, 1 week (for normal), and at 4 weeks (for NTG).Results. In normal eyes, there were significant decreases in the resistance index (RI) for the temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) at 2 hr and for the ophthalmic arteries at 1 week. There were no significant changes in the placebo-treated eyes. In the NTG eyes, there was a significant decrease in the RI for the central retinal artery, nasal, and temporal PCA at 2 hr and 4 weeks.Conclusion. Short-term observations found that nipradilol increased the ocular blood flow in normal and NTG eyes.

Color-Doppler Ultrasound in Ovarian Masses: Anatomo-Pathologic Correlation

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Spreafico ◽  
Laura Frigerio ◽  
Rodolfo Lanocita ◽  
G. Battista Spatti ◽  
Alfonso Marchianò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Imaging ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ovarian Masses

Background and aims In the radiologic assessment of ovarian masses, the major difficulty consists in the late recognition and lack of parameters for a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions, especially in the post-menopause when the incidence of cancer is higher. The use of a transvaginal probe and the color-Doppler examination have recently improved the study of the female pelvis. This study is aimed to verify the possibility of the color-Doppler imaging to differentiate between malignant and benign ovarian lesions during transvaginal echographies, on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the vascular pattern of the ovarian lesions. Results Twenty-six expansive ovarian lesions were studied: 8/26 showed no vascular signals and were considered benign as confirmed at histology. In the remaining lesions with some vascularization, the resistance index (RI) was evaluated: those with RI > 0.40 were considered benign, those with RI < 0.40 malignant. In 8/9 benign lesions and in 7/9 malignant neoplasms, the results of color-Doppler were coherent with histology. The results showed a sensibility of 87.5 % and a specificity of 88.8 % for the transvaginal examination. Conclusions The main advantages of the color-Doppler transvaginal examination are: the high frequency of visualization of the ovaries, even in postmenopausal patients; the definition of small lesions; the visualization of small parenchymal vessels, both physiologic and pathologic, and their quantitative analysis. The importance of the RI cutoff was critical for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions: we think that a cutoff of 0.50, instead of 0.40 proposed by other authors, would be far more appropriate.

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