The Effect of Nebulized Dorzolamide/Timolol Fixed Combination Mist versus Drops on Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP), retrobulbar blood flow (RBF), and ocular side effects after the application of topical dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) drops vs topical nebulized DTFC mist in patients with primary openangle glaucoma. Material and Methods. A total of 15 POAG patients were enrolled in a prospective study. Retrobulbar blood flow was measured in the ophthalmic (OA) and central retinal (CRA) arteries using color Doppler imaging. DTFC mist or drops were applied to the experimental eye, and it was examined after 15 and 60 minutes. DTFC mist was applied 6 times for 30 seconds using a misting device. Results. DTFC mist significantly increased peak-systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic (EDV) velocities after 15 and 60 minutes in both the arteries (OA: increase of 12.5% and 9.6% in PSV, P=0.01; increase of 25.8% and 23.1% in EDV, P=0.03; CRA: increase of 11.5% and 8.7% in PSV, increase of 32% and 21.6% in EDV, respectively, P<0.05). DTFC drops had a similar effect on PSV and EDV in the CRA after 15 and 60 minutes (increase of 8.1% and 9.6% in PSV; increase of 17.1% and 23% in EDV, respectively, P=0.03), but a significant effect on PSV and EDV in the OA was documented only after 15 minutes (increase of 9% and 21.4%, respectively, P=0.02). DTFC mist reduced the resistance index in the CRA after 15 and 60 minutes (decrease of 8.5% and 10.2%, respectively, P=0.04). Both methodologies showed a significant decrease in IOP after 15 and 60 minutes (P<0.05). All patients complained of ocular irritation after drop application, and 1 patient complained of general weakness after mist treatment. Conclusions. Nebulized DTFC mist significantly reduced IOP and increased blood flow in the OA and the CRA, causing no ocular irritation as compared with traditional DTFC drop methodology.

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Color Doppler Imaging Analysis of Retrobulbar Blood Flow Velocities in Diabetic Patients Without or With Retinopathy

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine ◽

10.7863/ultra.33.8.1381 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1381-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nana Meng ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Jinlan Ma ◽

Hao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Imaging Analysis ◽

Retrobulbar Blood Flow ◽

Blood Flow Velocities ◽

Flow Velocities

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Correlation between retrobulbar blood flow parameters and retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell and inner plexus layer thickness in myopia

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672121992007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212199200

Author(s):

Ewa M Grudzińska ◽

Daniel Zaborski ◽

Monika Modrzejewska

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Nerve Fiber ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Retrobulbar Blood Flow ◽

Retinal Nerve Fiber

Purpose: To assess the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell and inner plexus layer (GCIPL) and blood flow parameters in retrobulbar vessels, and to analyze correlations between these parameters in myopes. Methods: The study included forty myopic and 20 healthy eyes. Standard eye examination was supplemented with OCT of the optic nerve and macula (GCIPL, RNFL, RNFL in each quadrant and rim area of the optic nerve) and color Doppler imaging of retrobulbar arteries [peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities, pulsatile index and resistance index (RI) in the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal posterior ciliary and temporal posterior ciliary arteries]. Results: Significant correlations were found between blood flow parameters in the CRA, RNFL and GCIPL thickness, and axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE). There were significant positive correlations between RNFL with PSV and EDV in the CRA and negative correlations between RNFL and RI in the CRA. GCIPL was positively correlated with PSV and EDV in the CRA. The decrease in RA was associated with reduced blood flow velocities in the CRA, TPCA and NPCA. Conclusion: The reduced retrobulbar blood flow in healthy young myopes is correlated with increasing AL and refractive value, and thinning of the RNFL and GCIPL. Reduction of the rim-area of the optic disc is associated with vascular and retinal circulatory disorders. These phenomena indicate the vascular basis of the described changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which correlates ocular circulation with retinal structure.

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Possible Correlations of Ocular Blood Flow Parameters with Intraocular Pressure and Visual-Field Alterations in Glaucoma: A Study by Means of Color Doppler Imaging

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000310526 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 208 (6) ◽

pp. 304-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

F. Galassi ◽

G. Nuzzaci ◽

A. Sodi ◽

P. Casi ◽

S. Cappelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Visual Field ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Flow Parameters

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Color Doppler Imaging Analysis of Retrobulbar Blood Flow Velocities in Primary Open-Angle Glaucomatous Eyes: A Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0062723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. e62723 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Nana Meng ◽

Ping Zhang ◽

Huadong Huang ◽

Jinlan Ma ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Open Angle ◽

Imaging Analysis ◽

Retrobulbar Blood Flow ◽

Blood Flow Velocities ◽

Flow Velocities

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Inter-device reproducibility of retrobulbar blood flow velocity measurements in healthy subjects using color Doppler imaging

Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1007/s40477-016-0194-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 125-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Verticchio Vercellin Alice C. ◽

Carlo A. Cutolo ◽

Carolina Dellafiore ◽

Massimiliano Lava ◽

Carmine Tinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Velocity Measurements ◽

Retrobulbar Blood Flow

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Color Doppler imaging and measurements of intraovarian and intrauterine vascularization on basal ultrasound examination in spontaneous ovulatory and anovulatory cycles

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0810743k ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 743-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ranko Kutlesic ◽

Mileva Milosavljevic ◽

Predrag Vukomanovic ◽

Milan Stefanovic

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Resistance ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Lower Resistance ◽

Pulsatile Index

Background/Aim. Any organs functioning directly depends on vascularization. It applies also to the uterus and ovary which go through changes of vascularization during a menstruation cycle. The aim of this investigation was to determine differences in intrauterine and ovarian stromal arterioral blood flow on basal ultrasound examination (day 2-4) between spontaneous ovulatory and anovulatory cycles. Methods. This prospective clinical investigation included 205 patients divided into two groups: with ovulatory and with anovulatory cycles. Results. Resistance to ovarian arterioral stromal blood flow was significantly lower in the patients with ovulatory cycles (pulsatile index - PI 0.97 ? 0.4 vs 1.93 ? 1.37; p = 0.001737; and (resistance index - RI 0.55 ? 0.12 vs 0.68 ? 0.14; p = 0.040033). There were no statistically significant differences in arcuate arterioral blood flow in the pateints with ovulatory and anovulatory cycles (PI 1.21 ? 0.34 vs 61 ? 0,61 p = 0.136161 and RI 0.64 ? 0.11 vs 0.74 ? 0.07; p = 0.136649). The patients with ovulatory cycles had lower uterine radial arterioral blood flow than the patients with anovulatory cycles (PI 1.001 ? 0.22 vs 1.61 ? 0.23 p = 0.007501 and RI 0.55 ? 0.08 vs 0.71 ? 0.12; p = 0,0460113). The patients with ovulatory cycles had lower subendometrial arterioral blood flow resistance (PI 0.69 ? 0.19 vs 1.385?0.09; p = 0.00622 and RI 0.44 ? 0.09 vs 0.65 ? 0.02; p = 0.027458). Conclusion. Color Doppler ultrasuond imaging and measurements of intrauterine and ovarian stromal arterioral blood flow on basal ultrasound examination (day 2-4), showed lower resistance to blood flow in ovulatory than in anovulatory cycles.

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Color Doppler Imaging Study in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Treated with Timolol 0.5% and Carteolol 2%

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210101100305 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 240-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Montanari ◽

P. Marangoni ◽

A. Oldani ◽

R. Ratiglia ◽

M. Raiteri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Color Doppler Imaging ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Open Angle ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Purpose To evaluate with color Doppler imaging (CDI), in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (PDAG), the possible influence on ocular hemodynamics of a beta-blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic acitivity (carteolol 2%) compared to a beta-blocker agent without this activity. Methods A study was carried out on 20 patients, with bilateral POaG, intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 20 mmHg, all treated twice a day with timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution. The visual field was evaluated (Octopus 2000 perimeter, G1 program) examining the mean sensitivity (MS) and the mean defect (MD). CDI was carried out to evaluate the resistance index of the internal carotid artery (ICA), the ophthalmic artery (OA), the central retinal artery (CRA), and the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA). After these examinations, the therapy was changed to carteolol 2% twice a day. After six months of treatment the examinations were repeated. The data were analysed statistically using Student's t test. Results The mean intraocular pressure during treatment with timolol 0.5% was 16.7 ± 1.67 mmHg and 16.33 ± 1.72 mmHg after treatment with carteolol 2%, the difference not being significant (p=0.494). After six months of treatment with carteolol 2% the MS increased significantly from 22.4 ± 2.5 dB to 24.1 ± 1.8 dB (p=0.018), and the mean defect (MD) fell from 5.3 ± 0.8 dB to 4.7 ± 0.6 dB (p=0.011). There was no significant difference in the resistance index of the CA, the OA and the CRA with the two treatments, whereas the resistance index of the SPCA dropped significantly, from 0.80 ± 0.05 to 0.77 ± 0.02 (p = 0.017). Conclusions CDI did not show significant differences in the resistance indexes of the internal CA, the OA, and the CRA after treatment with carteolol 2% but the resistance index of the SPCA was significantly reduced. Carteolol 2% induced significant changes in the perimetric indexes examined, with an increase in MS and a decrease in MD. These findings suggest that the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol may reduce peripheral vascular resistance of the SCA, thus improving perfusion of the optic nerve head, with a protective effect on visual function.

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