scholarly journals Comparison of the Embodied Carbon Emissions and Direct Construction Costs for Modular and Conventional Residential Buildings in South Korea

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Hanbyeol Jang ◽  
Yonghan Ahn ◽  
Seungjun Roh
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Direct Construction ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions

Modular construction is an innovative new construction method that minimizes waste and improves efficiency within the construction industry. However, practitioners are hampered by the lack of environmental and economic sustainability analysis methods in this area. This study analyzes the embodied carbon emissions and direct construction costs incurred during the production phase of a modular residential building and provides comparison to an equivalent conventional residential building. Major drawings and design details for a modular residential building in South Korea were obtained, and the quantity take-off data for the major construction materials were analyzed for a modular construction method and a conventional construction method using a reinforced concrete structure under the same conditions. Focusing on major construction materials during the production phase, the embodied carbon emissions assessment revealed that adopting a modular construction approach reduced the environmental impact by approximately 36%, as compared to the conventional reinforced concrete method. However, in terms of the direct construction cost, the modular construction was approximately 8% more expensive than the conventional reinforced concrete construction method.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variations of Embodied Carbon Emissions in China’s Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Bai ◽  
Jiansheng Qu ◽  
Tek Maraseni ◽  
Jinjia Wu ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urbanization In China

The swift evolution of urbanization in China has led to a rapid increase in the demand for infrastructure. Infrastructure consumes significant amounts of construction materials. The production, packaging, transportation and use of these materials require energy and, therefore, are a source of carbon emissions. In order to make the construction of infrastructure satisfy people’s life demands and economic development, and at the same time conform to low carbon ideas, it is necessary to understand the spatial and temporal variations of embodied carbon emissions and its regional disparity. This study classifies and sorts the calculation parameters of infrastructure material stock and embodied carbon emissions. It estimates the trends and magnitude of 31 provinces over a period of 20 years (1997–2016) and analyzes the spatial-temporal characteristics. Our results indicate that: (1) The overall infrastructure embodied carbon emissions amount to 3204 billion tons; (2) the embodied carbon emissions from buildings are far greater than that of transportation infrastructure, however, the annual growth rate is contrary to this; (3) the spatial and temporal variations show regional inequality, with the eastern coastal area being higher than the central and western inland areas and the economically developed areas being higher than the less developed areas.

Fair Share of Supply Chain Responsibility for Low Carbon Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
pp. 235-266
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Wong
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Consumer Responsibility ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sharing Responsibility

Large amounts of carbon emissions and pollution are generated during the manufacturing process for consumer goods. Low carbon manufacturing has been increasingly enquired or requested by stakeholders. However, international trade blurs the responsibility for carbon emissions reduction and raises the questions of responsibility allocation among producers and consumers. Scholars have been examining the nexus of producer versus consumer responsibility among supply chains. Recently, there have been discussions on the share of producer and consumer responsibility. Both producer and consumer responsibility approaches have intrinsic shortcomings and are ineffective in curbing the rise of carbon emissions in supply chains. Shared responsibility based on the equity principle attempts to address these issues. This chapter relates a case study of carbon impact on China's export and economy with scenarios which show that the benefits of carbon reduction by producers can trickle down along the supply chain and motivate the sharing responsibility under certain circumstances. The share of producer and consumer responsibility for low carbon manufacturing can be enabled when embodied carbon emissions in goods and services are priced and such accurate information is available. A mechanism engaging the global participation is recommended. The author calls for further research on the system pricing embodied carbon emission, the universal standard to calculate the embodied carbon emissions and to disclose the information, and the way to secure global cooperation and participation.

scholarly journals The driving force effect of trade embodied carbon emissions and embodied SO2 emissions transferred in resources-rich areas: A case study of Shanxi province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effect ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Structure Effect ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Output Structure ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sulfur Emissions ◽  
Strength Effect

Abstract SDA (Structural Decomposition Analysis) model was applied to analyze the driving factors of embodied carbon and SO2 emissions transferred in Shanxi during 2007–2012 based on the input-output model from the perspectives of region and industry. The results showed that the change of embodied carbon emissions and embodied SO2 emissions of Shanxi and other regions were hindered by the carbon (sulfur) emissions strength effect, but promoted by the intermediate (final) demand scale effect, the intermediate (final) structure effect and the input-output structure effect. The carbon emissions strength effect had a significant contribution to reducing the embodied carbon emissions transferred from industries in Shanxi to other regions. The intermediate (final) demand scale effect was the driving factor to increase the embodied carbon emissions transferred from industries in Shanxi to other regions. The sulfur emissions strength effect was the only factor that reduced the embodied SO2 emissions transferred from Shanxi to other industries. The change of embodied carbon emissions from industries in other regions to Shanxi was hindered by the carbon emissions strength effect, but the input-output structure effect and final demand scale effect both increased the embodied carbon emissions from industries in other regions to Shanxi. The change of the embodied SO2 emissions transferred from industries in other regions to Shanxi was inhibited by the sulfur emissions strength effect, but the input-output structure effect, the intermediate demand structure effect and the final demand scale effect were both the driving force effect of increasing the embodied SO2 emissions transferred from industries in other regions to Shanxi. The corresponding suggestions and measures were put forward.

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