Functions of Dendritic Cells and Its Association with Intestinal Diseases

Dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), serve as the sentinel cells of the immune system and are responsible for presenting antigen information. Moreover, the role of DCs derived from monocytes (moDCs) in the development of inflammation has been emphasized. Several studies have shown that the function of DCs can be influenced by gut microbes including gut bacteria and viruses. Abnormal changes/reactions in intestinal DCs are potentially associated with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal tumors, allowing DCs to be a new target for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we summarized the physiological functions of DCs in the intestinal micro-environment, their regulatory relationship with intestinal microorganisms and their regulatory mechanism in intestinal diseases.

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The Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

10.3390/gidisord1010018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 231-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stefano Nobile ◽

Michela Tenace ◽

Helen Pappa

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Immune Dysregulation ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Search Terms ◽

System Components ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Vitamin D has a complex role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is still under investigation. We conducted a literature search using PubMed through December 2018 through the use of relevant search terms. We found an abundance of evidence to support the role of vitamin D in regulating the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The pathogenesis of IBD implicates the immune dysregulation of these immune system components. Proof of concept of the vitamin’s role in the pathogenesis of IBD is the mapping of the vitamin D receptor in a region of chromosome 12, where IBD is also mapped, and specific VDR polymorphisms’ link to IBD phenotypes. Further research is needed to better delineate vitamin D’s role in preventing IBD and its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease.

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Overview of Role of the Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1007/0-387-33778-4_6 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 98-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas T. MacDonald ◽

Giovanni Monteleone

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Sphingolipids as Mediators in the Crosstalk between Microbiota and Intestinal Cells: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/9890141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Phillips-Farfán Bryan ◽

Carvajal Karla ◽

Medina-Torres Edgar Alejandro ◽

Espinosa-Padilla Sara Elva ◽

Fabrias Gemma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Intestinal Cells ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes different illnesses characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenic mechanisms leading to IBD are poorly understood, immune system disturbances likely underlie its development. Sphingolipids (SLs) have been identified as important players and promising therapeutic targets to control inflammation in IBD. Interestingly, it seems that microorganisms of the normal gut microbiota and probiotics are involved in sphingolipid function. However, there is a great need to investigate the role of SLs as intermediates in the crosstalk between intestinal immunity and microorganisms. This review focuses on recent investigations that describe some mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine profiles by SLs. We also describe the importance of gut microbiota in providing signaling molecules that favor the communication between resident bacteria and intestinal cells. This, in turn, modulates the immune response in the bowel and likely in other peripheral organs. The potential of SLs and gut microbiota as targets or therapeutic agents for IBD is also discussed.

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