scholarly journals The Pathology of Type 2 Inflammation-Associated Itch in Atopic Dermatitis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2090
Author(s):  
Catharina Sagita Moniaga ◽  
Mitsutoshi Tominaga ◽  
Kenji Takamori
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Neuroimmune Interactions ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Accumulated evidence on type 2 inflammation-associated itch in atopic dermatitis has recently been reported. Crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems (neuroimmune interactions) is prominent in atopic dermatitis research, particularly regarding itch and inflammation. A comprehensive understanding of bidirectional neuroimmune interactions will provide insights into the pathogenesis of itch and its treatment. There is currently no agreed cure for itch in atopic dermatitis; however, increasing numbers of novel and targeted biologic agents have potential for its management and are in the advanced stages of clinical trials. In this review, we summarize and discuss advances in our understanding of type 2 inflammation-associated itch and implications for its management and treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Biologic targeted therapy in allergic asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Kevin Kron ◽  
Mason J. Crow ◽  
Ali Olyaei ◽  
Anthony Montanaro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Dosing Regimens

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airway, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, mucus hyperproduction, and airway-wall remodeling. Management of this disease involves the use of several types of therapeutic agents, each with unique indications based on the underlying cause of inflammation, clinical severity, and patient phenotype and/or endotype. Objective: A review of the function, clinical utility, and safety of biologic agents in the management of allergic asthma. This particular asthma phenotype involves multiple cytokines in its pathogenesis, specifically those secreted by T-helper type 2 cells. Methods: Medical literature was obtained from online biomedical archive searches from July 2018 to May 2019. An emphasis was placed on clinical trials that discussed biologic agents that target immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL) 5, IL-4/IL-13, and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2) pathways involved in the expression of allergic asthma. Results: The treatment options reviewed in this article were shown to be effective in targeting these pathways associated with allergic asthma. However, because these biologic agents are commonly prescribed in the treatment of severe asthma, many patients continue to experience asthma signs and symptoms. Conclusion: Future clinical trials that study these agents should focus on ideal patient selection, dosing regimens, and cost-effectiveness in the management of asthma. Ideally, comparative trials should be undertaken to assist the clinician in choosing the optimal agent.

Targeted Molecular Therapies in Allergy and Rhinology

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982096523
Author(s):  
Cecelia C. Damask ◽  
Matthew W. Ryan ◽  
Thomas B. Casale ◽  
Mario Castro ◽  
Christine B. Franzese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Molecular Therapies ◽  
Targeted Molecular Therapies ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies that target highly-specific molecular pathways of inflammation, are becoming integrated into care pathways for multiple disorders that are relevant in otolaryngology and allergy. These conditions share common inflammatory mechanisms of so-called Type 2 inflammation with dysregulation of immunoglobulin E production and eosinophil and mast cell degranulation leading to tissue damage. Biologic agents are now available for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), atopic dermatitis (AD), and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). This paper summarizes the diagnosis and management of these conditions and critically reviews the clinical trial data that has led to regulatory approval of biologic agents for these conditions.

Prednisolone Treatment Reduces Type 2 Inflammation In Skin Lesions Of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. AB35
Author(s):  
Emma Price ◽  
Christiane Whetstone ◽  
Dhuha Al-Sajee ◽  
Sai Sakktee Krisna ◽  
Karen Howie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Prednisolone Treatment ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Diagnosis and Management of Conjunctivitis for the Dermatologist

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Gooderham ◽  
Julian McDonald ◽  
Kim Papp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis Severity ◽  
Atopic Skin

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, sometimes relapsing inflammatory skin condition that presents with pruritus and characteristic skin manifestations. Conjunctivitis is a common ocular comorbidity affecting almost half of patients with the risk increasing with atopic dermatitis severity. Recent targeted biologic therapies that successfully treat atopic skin disease, including dupilumab, which blocks interleukin (IL)–4 and IL-13, as well as agents that block IL-13 alone, have been associated with an increased rate of conjunctivitis in clinical trials. Because conjunctivitis commonly occurs in patients with atopic dermatitis and as the treatment with targeted biologic agents may increase the risk or severity of conjunctivitis, it is important that dermatologists recognize symptoms, appreciate treatment options, and know when referral to an ophthalmologist is appropriate.

Prominent Role of Type 2 Immunity in Skin Diseases—Beyond Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 120347542110278
Author(s):  
Lina Belmesk ◽  
Anastasiya Muntyanu ◽  
Emmanuelle Cantin ◽  
Zeinah AlHalees ◽  
Carolyn S. Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Type 2 Immunity ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Inflammation

Type 2 immunity, illustrated by T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2) and downstream cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) as well as group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), is important in host defense and wound healing. 1 The hallmark of type 2 inflammation is eosinophilia and/or high IgE counts and is best recognized in atopic diathesis. Persistent eosinophilia, such as seen in hypereosinophilic syndromes, leads to fibrosis and hence therapeutic Type 2 inhibition in fibrotic diseases is of high interest. Furthermore, as demonstrated in cutaneous T cell lymphoma, advanced disease is characterized by Th1 to Th2 switch allowing cancer progression and immunosuppression. Development of targeted monoclonal antibodies against IL-4Rα (eg, dupilumab) led to a paradigm shift for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and stimulated research to better understand the role of Type 2 inflammation in other skin conditions. In this review, we summarize up to date knowledge on the role of Type 2 inflammation in skin diseases other than AD and highlight whether the use of Type 2 targeted therapies has been documented or is being investigated in clinical trials. This manuscript reviews the role of Type 2 inflammation in dermatitis, neurodermatitis, IgE-mediated dermatoses (eg, bullous pemphigoid, chronic spontaneous urticaria), sclerodermoid conditions and skin neoplasms.

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