scholarly journals Urinary Biomarkers in Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Its Impact on Therapeutic Outcome

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Jian-He Lu ◽  
Shu-Mien Chuang ◽  
Kuang-Shun Chueh ◽  
Tai-Jui Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Urgency Symptoms

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is defined as a chronic bladder disorder with suprapubic pain (pelvic pain) and pressure and/or discomfort related to bladder filling accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms, such as urinary frequency and urgency without urinary tract infection (UTI) lasting for at least 6 weeks. IC/BPS presents significant bladder pain and frequency urgency symptoms with unknown etiology, and it is without a widely accepted standard in diagnosis. Patients’ pathological features through cystoscopy and histologic features of bladder biopsy determine the presence or absence of Hunner lesions. IC/PBS is categorized into Hunner (ulcerative) type IC/BPS (HIC/BPS) or non-Hunner (nonulcerative) type IC/BPS (NHIC/BPS). The pathophysiology of IC/BPS is composed of multiple possible factors, such as chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, neurogenic hyperactivity, urothelial defects, abnormal angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and exogenous urine substances, which play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of IC/BPS. Abnormal expressions of several urine and serum specimens, including growth factor, methylhistamine, glycoprotein, chemokine and cytokines, might be useful as biomarkers for IC/BPS diagnosis. Further studies to identify the key molecules in IC/BPS will help to improve the efficacy of treatment and identify biomarkers of the disease. In this review, we discuss the potential medical therapy and assessment of therapeutic outcome with urinary biomarkers for IC/BPS.

scholarly journals Evidence for Bladder Urothelial Pathophysiology in Functional Bladder Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Keay ◽  
Lori A. Birder ◽  
Toby C. Chai
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Bladder Disorders

Understanding of the role of urothelium in regulating bladder function is continuing to evolve. While the urothelium is thought to function primarily as a barrier for preventing injurious substances and microorganisms from gaining access to bladder stroma and upper urinary tract, studies indicate it may also function in cell signaling events relating to voiding function. This review highlights urothelial abnormalities in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), feline interstitial cystitis (FIC), and nonneurogenic idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). These bladder conditions are typified by lower urinary tract symptoms including urinary frequency, urgency, urgency incontinence, nocturia, and bladder discomfort or pain. Urothelial tissues and cells from affected clinical subjects and asymptomatic controls have been compared for expression of proteins and mRNA. Animal models have also been used to probe urothelial responses to injuries of the urothelium, urethra, or central nervous system, and transgenic techniques are being used to test specific urothelial abnormalities on bladder function. BPS/IC, FIC, and OAB appear to share some common pathophysiology including increased purinergic, TRPV1, and muscarinic signaling, increased urothelial permeability, and aberrant urothelial differentiation. One challenge is to determine which of several abnormally regulated signaling pathways is most important for mediating bladder dysfunction in these syndromes, with a goal of treating these conditions by targeting specific pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Microbiota of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome are Distinct from Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan White ◽  
Michael Welge ◽  
Loretta Auvil ◽  
Matthew Berry ◽  
Colleen Bushell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Prostatitis ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain

Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome patients include men chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and patients, mainly women, with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS or IC). CP/CPPS is marked by severe chronic pelvic pain of unknown etiology that is differentially associated with prostatic inflammation. Microbes are known to modulate sensory responses, and microbiota are increasingly understood to drive normal biological processes and pathogenesis, including inflammation. Recent studies have linked fecal dysbiosis with chronic pelvic pain in IC/BPS, suggesting a role for microbiota in modulating UCPPS pain. Similarly, dysbiosis has been reported in CP/CPPS patients, but the relationship between with the dysbiosis of IC/BPS patients is unclear. Here, we characterized the fecal microbiota of men with CP/CPPS and women and men with IC/BPS. Similar to recent reports, we identified fecal dysbiosis in men with CP/CPPS relative to healthy controls among specific phyla and overall differences in diversity and richness. Interestingly, we also observed differences between CP/CPPS microbiota and IC/BPS microbiota that were not likely due to sex differences. These findings suggest that CP/CPPS is marked by changes in the gut microbiome, but these changes differ from IC/BPS. Taken together, UCPPS appears associated with distinct dybioses among CP/CPPS and IC/BPS, raising the possibility of distinct contributions to underlying pelvic pain mechanisms and/or etiologies.

scholarly journals Components of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System as Potential Biomarkers for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Saki Sultana ◽  
Geraint Berger ◽  
Christian Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Cannabinoid System ◽  
Endogenous Cannabinoid ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Endogenous Cannabinoid System

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic condition causing bladder pressure and pain. The condition is of unknown etiology and is often accompanied by other symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, increased urinary urgency, and frequency. There is no definitive diagnosis for IC/BPS, and treatment options are currently limited to physical therapy and medications to help alleviate symptoms. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is an important regulator of numerous physiological systems, including the urinary system. Modulations of the ECS have been shown to be beneficial for IC/BPS-associated pain and inflammation in rodents. As an attempt to identify potential biomarkers for IC/BPS, we reviewed experimental studies where the components of the ECS have been quantified in experimental models of IC/BPS. Further investigations using well-defined animal models and patients’ data are required to obtain stronger evidence regarding the potential for ECS components to be definitive biomarkers for IC/BPS.

scholarly journals Risk of Urinary Tract Carcinoma among Subjects with Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ping Wu ◽  
Hao Lun Luo ◽  
Shih Feng Weng ◽  
Chung-Han Ho ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Objective. To investigate the subsequent risks of urinary tract cancers among individuals with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), and gender differences, as well as the effect of associated comorbidity using a population-based administrative database in Taiwan. Patients and Methods. BPS/IC subjects (10192) and their age- and sex-matched non-BPS/IC control subjects (30576), who had no previous upper urinary tract cancer (UUC), bladder cancer (BC), and prostate cancer (PC), subsequently developed these disorders from the recruited date between 2002 and 2008 and the end of follow-up 2011. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to estimate the risk of subsequent UUC, BC, and PC following a diagnosis of IC/BPS. The effect of associated comorbidities was measured by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The risk of outcomes was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results. In the BPS/IC subjects, 37 (0.36%) received a diagnosis of BC, and 22 (0.22%) received a diagnosis of UUC; both were significantly higher than the control group, 19 (0.06%) for BC and 30 (0.10%) for UUC. Cox proportional analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for BC and UUC during the follow-up period for patients with IC/BPS was 5.44 (95% CI: 3.10-9.54) and 1.97 (95% CI: 1.13-3.45) than that of comparison subjects. The HRs went up to 5.66 (95% CI: 3.21-9.99) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.14-3.55) after adjusted by Comorbidity Index (CCI). The male BPS/IC patients have a higher adjusted HR for BC; however, female patients have a higher adjusted HR for both BC and UUC. The adjusted HR for PC has no difference between BPS/IC and control group. Conclusion. Patients with BPS/IC are at risk of developing BC in both males and females, and UUC in females. This result reminds physicians to evaluate the potential risk of subsequent development of BC and UUC among individuals with BPS/IC.

scholarly journals Depression and helplessness impact interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome pain over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 328-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Crawford ◽  
Dean A. Tripp ◽  
J. Curtis Nickel ◽  
Lesley Carr ◽  
Robert Moldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Symptom Management ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a devastating urological chronic pelvic pain condition with an unknown etiology. Evidence-based psychological strategies are becoming more successful for symptom management as we learn more about the targets for intervention. Previous research has established an indirect relationship between depression and pain through catastrophizing, but there have yet to be studies examining the emerging role of emotion regulation in this relationship. Methods: Women with IC/BPS were recruited from tertiary care clinics in Canada and the U.S. between 2013 and 2018. Patients completed questionnaires, including demographics and scores for pain, depression, catastrophizing, and difficulties in emotion regulation at baseline, six months, and one year. Serial mediation was used to test models of pain, catastrophizing, and depression. Results: A total of 135 women with IC/BPS completed all three time points. The only significant indirect path was from baseline depression to catastrophizing at six months to pain at one year (b=0.10; confidence interval [CI] 0.0049–0.2520). A followup analysis demonstrated that helplessness was the key factor of catastrophizing driving this relationship (b=0.17; CI 0.0282–0.3826). Conclusions: Reducing feelings of helplessness and increasing patient feelings of control are important ways to limit the effect of low mood on patient pain experience. De-catastrophizing interventions should be part of the referral strategy for IC/BPS symptom management.

scholarly journals Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: Aetiology, evaluation and management

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rourke ◽  
Shahid Aziz Anwer Khan ◽  
Kamran Ahmed ◽  
Shikohe Masood ◽  
Prokar Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Abdominal Tenderness ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Painful Bladder

Interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is often a chronic debilitating condition characterised by predominantly storage symptoms and associated frequently with pelvic pain that varies with bladder filling. The aetiology is uncertain as the condition occurs in the absence of a urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology. Resulting discomfort may vary and ranges from abdominal tenderness to intense bladder spasms. Diagnosis and management of this syndrome may be difficult and is often made by its typical cystoscopic features. This review discusses the diagnosis and management of interstitial cystitis according to the current available best evidence and advises a multimodal approach in its management.

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