scholarly journals Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines: Risks and Remedies for Host Communities

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Transmission pipelines deliver natural gas to consumers around the world for the production of heat, electricity, and organic chemicals. In the United States, 2.56 million miles (4.12 million km) of pipelines carry natural gas to more than 75 million customers. With the benefits of pipelines come the risks to health and property posed by leaks and explosions. Proposals for new and recommissioned pipelines challenge host communities with uncertainty and difficult decisions about risk management. The appropriate community response depends on the risk level, the potential cost, and the prospect for compensation in the event of an incident. This article provides information on the risks and expected costs of pipeline leaks and explosions in the United States, including the incident rates, risk factors, and magnitude of harm. Although aggregated data on pipeline incidents are available, broadly inclusive data do not serve the needs of communities that must make critical decisions about hosting a pipeline for natural gas transmission. This article breaks down the data relevant to such communities and omits incidents that occurred offshore or as part of gas gathering or local distribution. The article then explains possible approaches to risk management relevant to communities, pipeline companies, and policymakers.

A Precipitation-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Model for Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Finley ◽  
David L. Slayter ◽  
Chris S. Hitchcock ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Landslides related to heavy rainfall can cause extensive damage to natural gas transmission pipelines. We have developed and implemented a geographic information system (GIS) model that evaluates near real-time precipitation-induced landslide susceptibility. This model incorporates state-wide precipitation data and geologically-based landslide classifications to produce rapid landslide risk evaluation for Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s (PG&E) gas transmission system during winter rain storms in California. The precipitation data include pre-storm event quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) and post-storm event quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The geologic classifications are based on slope, susceptible geologic formations, and the locations of historic or known landslide occurrences. Currently the model is calibrated using qualitative measures. Various scientists have developed large landslide databases with associated rainfall statistics to determine rainfall thresholds that trigger landslides. With a sufficient number of landslides, we can more precisely determine minimum rainfall thresholds using similar methods.

scholarly journals Using Concepts from the Study of Social Movements to Understand Community Response to Liquefied Natural Gas Development in Clatsop County, Oregon

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Tran ◽  
Casey L. Taylor ◽  
Hilary S. Boudet ◽  
Keith Baker ◽  
Holly L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Political Opportunities

Shifts in natural gas supply and demand since the early 2000s have triggered proposals for import and export terminals in coastal locations around the United States. Demand for such facilities is likely to grow with increasing rates of natural gas exports. Clatsop County, Oregon, is one such location that experienced over 10 years of debate surrounding the development of these facilities. The first liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility was proposed in this area in 2004; the final was withdrawn in 2016. While residents expressed both support and opposition early on, opposition dominated by the end. Drawing on insights from the literature on social movements, we conduct a case study of community response to LNG proposals in Clatsop County. We show how opponents were able to successfully frame the potential risks of LNG in a manner that had strong community salience, allowing them to appropriate resources and create political opportunities to advance their cause and influence local and state decisions. Engaging with this case provides an opportunity to observe the behavior and decisions of both opponents and supporters over time, and how they affected project outcomes. LNG proposals in Oregon have been among the most controversial cases of LNG development in the United States. As shale gas development continues to grow, understanding the conflicts involved with its associated infrastructure is critical to creating a more just and equitable energy system.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Gathering and Transmission Pipelines and Social Vulnerability in the United States

GeoHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Emanuel ◽  
Martina Angela Caretta ◽  
Louie Rivers ◽  
Pavithra Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

scholarly journals Natural Gas Gathering and Transmission Pipelines and Social Vulnerability in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Emanuel ◽  
Martina A Caretta ◽  
Pavithra Vasudevan ◽  
Louie Rivers, III
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Transmission and Storage System in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 9374-9383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Zimmerle ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Casey Quinn ◽  
R. Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
And Storage

Integrity Assurance of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Posakony
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Integrity Assurance ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Natural gas transmission pipelines have proven to be a safe and efficient means for transporting the trillions of cubic feet of natural gas used annually in the United States. Since the peak of construction of these pipelines occurred between 1950 and the mid-1960s, their average age is now over thirty years. However, replacement of these pipelines because of age would be prohibitively expensive and unnecessary. Preventive maintenance and rehabilitation programs put into practice by the pipeline industry provides the key to ensuring the continued integrity of the transmission pipeline system. This article reviews the preventive maintenance practices commonly used by the gas industry. These practices include right-of-way patrols, corrosion control procedures, in-line inspection with intelligent or smart pigs that inspect the pipe while traveling through the inside of the pipe, direct access inspection of the pipe from bellhole excavations, and hydrostatic retesting of pipelines. When pipelines are properly maintained, these practices can ensure the integrity and long-term serviceability of transmission pipelines well into the 21st Century.

Regulating Medical Devices in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Zettler ◽  
Erika Lietzan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical Device Regulation

This chapter assesses the regulation of medical devices in the United States. The goal of the US regulatory framework governing medical devices is the same as the goal of the framework governing medicines. US law aims to ensure that medical devices are safe and effective for their intended uses; that they become available for patients promptly; and that manufacturers provide truthful, non-misleading, and complete information about the products. US medical device law is different from US medicines law in many ways, however, perhaps most notably because most marketed devices do not require pre-market approval. The chapter explores how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeks to accomplish its mission with respect to medical devicecough its implementation of its medical device authorities. It starts by explaining what constitutes a medical device and how the FDA classifies medical devices by risk level. The chapter then discusses how medical devices reach the market, the FDA's risk management tools, and the rules and incentives for innovation and competition. It concludes by exploring case studies of innovative medical technologies that challenge the traditional US regulatory scheme to consider the future of medical device regulation.

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Process Equipment at Natural Gas Production Sites in the United States: Liquid Unloadings

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Allen ◽  
David W. Sullivan ◽  
Daniel Zavala-Araiza ◽  
Adam P. Pacsi ◽  
Matthew Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Natural Gas Production
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document