scholarly journals Satellite DNAs Unveil Clues about the Ancestry and Composition of B Chromosomes in Three Grasshopper Species

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Milani ◽  
Vanessa Bardella ◽  
Ana Ferretti ◽  
Octavio Palacios-Gimenez ◽  
Adriana Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Chromosomal Position

Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable genomic elements occurring frequently among grasshoppers. Most B chromosomes are enriched with repetitive DNAs, including satellite DNAs (satDNAs) that could be implicated in their evolution. Although studied in some species, the specific ancestry of B chromosomes is difficult to ascertain and it was determined in only a few examples. Here we used bioinformatics and cytogenetics to characterize the composition and putative ancestry of B chromosomes in three grasshopper species, Rhammatocerus brasiliensis, Schistocerca rubiginosa, and Xyleus discoideus angulatus. Using the RepeatExplorer pipeline we searched for the most abundant satDNAs in Illumina sequenced reads, and then we generated probes used in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine chromosomal position. We used this information to infer ancestry and the events that likely occurred at the origin of B chromosomes. We found twelve, nine, and eighteen satDNA families in the genomes of R. brasiliensis, S. rubiginosa, and X. d. angulatus, respectively. Some satDNAs revealed clustered organization on A and B chromosomes varying in number of sites and position along chromosomes. We did not find specific satDNA occurring in the B chromosome. The satDNAs shared among A and B chromosomes support the idea of putative intraspecific ancestry from small autosomes in the three species, i.e., pair S11 in R. brasiliensis, pair S9 in S. rubiginosa, and pair S10 in X. d. angulatus. The possibility of involvement of other chromosomal pairs in B chromosome origin is also hypothesized. Finally, we discussed particular aspects in composition, origin, and evolution of the B chromosome for each species.

Recovery of a telomere-truncated chromosome via a compensating translocation in maize

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Gaeta ◽  
Tatiana V. Danilova ◽  
Changzeng Zhao ◽  
Rick E. Masonbrink ◽  
Morgan E. McCaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 6

Maize-engineered minichromosomes are easily recovered from telomere-truncated B chromosomes but are rarely recovered from A chromosomes. B chromosomes lack known genes, and their truncation products are tolerated and transmitted during meiosis. In contrast, deficiency gametes resulting from truncated A chromosomes prevent their transmission. We report here a de novo compensating translocation that permitted recovery of a large truncation of chromosome 1 in maize. The truncation (trunc-1) and translocation with chromosome 6 (super-6) occurred during telomere-mediated truncation experiments and were characterized using single-gene fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. The truncation contained a transgene signal near the end of the broken chromosome and transmitted together with the compensating translocation as a heterozygote to approximately 41%–55% of progeny. Transmission as an addition chromosome occurred in ~15% of progeny. Neither chromosome transmitted through pollen. Transgene expression (Bar) cosegregated with trunc-1 transcriptionally and phenotypically. Meiosis in T1 plants revealed eight bivalents and one tetravalent chain composed of chromosome 1, trunc-1, chromosome 6, and super-6 in diplotene and diakinesis. Our data suggest that de novo compensating translocations allow recovery of truncated A chromosomes by compensating deficiency in female gametes and by affecting chromosome pairing and segregation. The truncated chromosome can be maintained as an extra chromosome or together with the super-6 as a heterozygote.

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of Tripsacum dactyloides and Zea mays ssp. mays with B chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Poggio ◽  
V Confalonieri ◽  
C Comas ◽  
A Cuadrado ◽  
N Jouve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Total Dna

Genomic affinities between Tripsacum dactyloides (2n = 72) and Zea mays ssp. mays (2n = 20 + 5 B) were analyzed through GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) to ascertain the degree of chromosome homology between the two genera. Mitotic cells of T. dactyloides were simultaneously probed with total genomic DNA from Z. mays ssp .mays (2n = 20) and with rDNA (pTA71). A disperse pattern of hybridization signal among all 72 chromosomes, corresponding to maize total DNA, and six strong fluorescent signals due to the rDNA probe hybridizing on 3 chromosome pairs of T. dactyloides were observed. Mitotic chromosomes from Z. mays ssp. mays (2n = 20 + 5 B) were hybridized with a maize line that lacked B chromosomes and knobs and with total DNA from T. dactyloides. The knobless line of maize hybridized intensely on all chromosomes except for some regions where the probe bound less. Tripsacum dactyloides bound intensely on one terminal region of each B chromosome and to some regions of chromosome pairs 2, 6, and 8. These regions are DAPI positive and coincide with regions that displayed lower affinity with the probe from the knobless maize line. The possible significance of these results is discussed briefly.Key words: Tripsacum dactyloides, Zea mays ssp. mays, maize B chromosomes, genomic in situ hybridization, GISH.

Possible origin of B chromosome in Dichotomius sericeus (Coleoptera)

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Costa Amorim ◽  
Diogo Milani ◽  
Diogo Cavalcanti Cabral-de-Mello ◽  
Marília França Rocha ◽  
Rita Cássia Moura
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Fluorochrome Staining ◽  
Autosomal Pair ◽  
Ribosomal Dnas

B chromosomes have so far been described in about 80 species of Coleoptera, mainly using conventional staining analysis. In this study, 152 individuals of the dung beetle Dichotomius sericeus (Coleoptera), collected from three isolated geographical areas in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed to determine the frequency, prevalence, distribution, meiotic behavior, and possible B chromosome origin. The cytogenetic analysis consisted of conventional staining, C-banding, triple fluorochrome staining (CMA3/DA/DAPI), and fluorescent in situ hybridization using ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) and H3 histone gene as probes, as well as microdissection and chromosome painting of the B chromosome. The B chromosomes were detected in all populations analyzed. Analysis revealed the heterochromatic nature and the presence of G+C-rich blocks and 18S rDNA on the B chromosome. FISH with DNA from microdissected B chromosome painted the entire extension of the B chromosome for all populations, besides the pericentromeric regions of all the autosomes, as well as the X chromosome. Finally, cross-hybridization in nine related species of Dichotomius using the microdissected B chromosome as probe did not reveal any hybridization signal. The results suggest an intraspecific and monophyletic origin for B chromosomes in D. sericeus, probably from the second or third autosomal pair.

Highly repetitive sequences in B chromosomes of Secale cereale revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles Cuadrado ◽  
Nicolas Jouve
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Hybridization Probes

An analysis of the presence and distribution of the rye and wheat repeated sequences in rye B chromosomes was carried out by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Probes used consisted of three highly repetitive sequences from rye (pSc119.2, pSc74, and pSc34) and the multigene families for the 25S–5.8S–18S and 5S rDNA from wheat (pTa71 and pTa794, respectively). pSc74 and pSc119.2 showed hybridization signals in the telomeric regions of rye B chromosomes. The remaining DNA clones did not hybridize to the B chromosomes.Key words: Secale cereale, rye, repetitive DNA, fluorescence in situ hybridization, B chromosomes.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization shows DIPLOSPOROUS located on one of the NOR chromosomes in apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum) in the absence of a large hemizygous chromosomal region

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim J. Vašut ◽  
Kitty Vijverberg ◽  
Peter J. van Dijk ◽  
Hans de Jong
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Artificial Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Position ◽  
Apomictic Species

Apomixis in dandelions (Taraxacum: Asteraceae) is encoded by two unlinked dominant loci and a third yet undefined genetic factor: diplosporous omission of meiosis (DIPLOSPOROUS, DIP), parthenogenetic embryo development (PARTHENOGENESIS, PAR), and autonomous endosperm formation, respectively. In this study, we determined the chromosomal position of the DIP locus in Taraxacum by using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that genetically map within 1.2–0.2 cM of DIP. The BACs showed dispersed fluorescent signals, except for S4-BAC 83 that displayed strong unique signals as well. Under stringent blocking of repeats by C0t-DNA fragments, only a few fluorescent foci restricted to defined chromosome regions remained, including one on the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) chromosomes that contains the 45S rDNAs. FISH with S4-BAC 83 alone and optimal blocking showed discrete foci in the middle of the long arm of one of the NOR chromosomes only in triploid and tetraploid diplosporous dandelions, while signals in sexual diploids were lacking. This agrees with the genetic model of a single dose, dominant DIP allele, absent in sexuals. The length of the DIP region is estimated to cover a region of 1–10 Mb. FISH in various accessions of Taraxacum and the apomictic sister species Chondrilla juncea, confirmed the chromosomal position of DIP within Taraxacum but not outside the genus. Our results endorse that, compared to other model apomictic species, expressing either diplospory or apospory, the genome of Taraxacum shows a more similar and less diverged chromosome structure at the DIP locus. The different levels of allele sequence divergence at apomeiosis loci may reflect different terms of asexual reproduction. The association of apomeiosis loci with repetitiveness, dispersed repeats, and retrotransposons commonly observed in apomictic species may imply a functional role of these shared features in apomictic reproduction, as is discussed.

1796: Analysis of Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Patients with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OAT) Using Fluorescent in-situ Hybridization

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Alukal ◽  
Bobby B. Najari ◽  
Wilson Chuang ◽  
Lata Murthy ◽  
Monica Lopez-Perdomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosomal Aneuploidy

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): A useful diagnostic tool for childhood conjunctival melanoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110307
Author(s):  
Raquel María Moral ◽  
Carlos Monteagudo ◽  
Javier Muriel ◽  
Lucía Moreno ◽  
Ana María Peiró
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Conjunctival Melanoma ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
First Case

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma is extremely rare in children and has low rates of resolution. Definitive histopathological diagnosis based exclusively on microscopic findings is sometimes difficult. Thus, early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Clinical case: We present the first case in which the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) diagnostic technique was applied to a 10-year-old boy initially suspected of having amelanotic nevi in his right eye. Based on the 65% of tumor cells with 11q13 (CCND1) copy number gain and 33% with 6p25 (RREB1) gain as measured by the FISH analysis, and on supporting histopathological findings, the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma could be made. Following a larger re-excision, adjuvant therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC), cryotherapy and an amniotic membrane graft, the patient has remained disease-free during 9 years of long-term follow-up. Case discussion: Every ophthalmologist should remember to consider and not forget the possibility of using FISH analyses during the differential diagnosis of any suspicious conjunctival lesions. Genetic techniques, such as FISH, have led to great advances in the classification of ambiguous lesions. Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing conjunctival melanoma in the pediatric population are needed to determine the most appropriate strategy for this age group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document