scholarly journals How the Virtual Thinning Can Help to Control the Changing of Genetic Structure in Scots Pine Stands?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Agata Konecka ◽  
Anna Tereba ◽  
Marcin Studnicki ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Henryk Szeligowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Selection Cutting ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Nuclear Ssr ◽  
Chloroplast Ssr ◽  
Forest District

The work detailed here in the context of the above project sought to determine changes in the gene pool (at the DNA level) in a stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), under the influence of various kinds of forest-tending cuts. The experimental area on which the research was focused is located in Poland’s Ostrów Mazowiecka Forest District. Genetic structure was specified using five nuclear SSR sequences and six chloroplast SSR loci, while the five thinning variants trialled were sanitation cutting, low thinning of 30% intensity, schematic thinning, selective thinning and destructive lumbering. The control variant was left untreated. It was virtual rather than real-life thinning that was pursued, using the ForestSimulator BWINPro program. Changes in the structure of the stand after a further 10 years were also simulated. The different thinning variants were shown to cause change in the gene pool and level of genetic diversity of trees in the study area. In terms of maintaining genetic variability in the stand, the least-favourable method proved to be thinning from below. Destructive selection cutting was in turn most beneficial in terms of the preservation of genetic structure, with the reduction in rare alleles being more limited than in any other analysed variant. It was with the selective thinning variant that the final number of trees, stand structure and level of genetic variation resembled the situation in the control most closely. This suggests that selective thinning provides for a rather accurate replication of processes occurring in nature.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) natural regeneration compared with their maternal stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Anna Nowakowska ◽  
Tadeusz Zachara ◽  
Agata Konecka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Forest District

Abstract The genetic variability and biodiversity of tree populations ensure the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. New research tools based on molecular DNA markers enable precise characterisation of forest genetic resources, i.e. detection of different allele frequencies in mature trees and progeny populations. The paper describes the genetic structure of mature stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Oława Forest District and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in Jawor Forest District and stands of their respective progeny. In the Scots pine stand, there was a slight increase (0.6%) in heterozygosity level and a larger increase (4.9%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny trees. In the Norway spruce stand, despite a small reduction (0.9%) in heterozygosity, a similar increase (4.6%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny was revealed. In both stands, allele richness and the partition probability of basic clustering were high. Both pine and spruce adults and progeny trees were characterised by high levels of genetic similarity (96% and 79%, respectively). Gene flow between the mature and progeny populations was high (Nm > 1) for both Scots pine and Norway spruce. Conservation of the gene pool within forest tree stands requires an increase in the proportion of natural regeneration. To estimate the extent to which genes are transmitted between adult trees and their progeny, more studies are needed, especially taking into account the influence of silviculture measures, like selective tree cutting, on the genetic variability of the younger generation. These results confirm that the gene pool was conserved when transmitted between the stands studied, as well as highlight the usefulness of such a study for silvicultural purposes

scholarly journals Prié blanc and Legiruela: a unique grape cultivar grown in distant European regions

OENO One ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anna Schneider ◽  
Daniela Torello Marinoni ◽  
María Teresa De Andrés ◽  
Stefano Raimondi ◽  
Félix Cabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Nuclear Ssr ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Unique Genotype ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Chloroplast Ssr ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aim of this study was to identify synonyms among grape cultivars growing in two distant regions, Spain and Italy, based on comparative analysis of genetic markers. The identification of synonyms and genetically-related cultivars should contribute to our understanding of their history and the preservation of biodiversity.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Using a set of 9 nuclear simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, we compared the genetic profiles of major and currently neglected grape cultivars from two laboratories in Spain and Italy. A set of approximately 700 genotypes were analyzed and several putative synonyms were discovered. Among these, a clear synonymy was identified (confirmed by ampelographic observations) between two minor varieties: the Spanish Legiruela and the Italian Prié blanc, known in the past as Agostenga. Using an additional set of 25 nuclear SSR loci, two white cultivars, Albillo Real (or Albillo de Madrid) and Luglienga bianca, from Spain and Italy, respectively, showed a genetic relationship with Prié blanc/Legiruela. To further characterize this parent/progeny kinship, chloroplast SSR analyses were performed. Several hypotheses on the origin and movements of these traditional ancient grapes are discussed.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The Italian Prié blanc and the Spanish Legiruela cultivars correspond to a unique genotype. The occurrence in Spain under the name of Legiruela, a cultivar long-recognized in Italie, and the presence in both countries of very old grape varieties genetically related to this genotype, indicate that Prié blanc/Legiruela has moved from its original to actual growing area several centuries ago.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: By identifying synonyms, accurately establishing the « true to type » of traditional grapes (used for commercial trade or maintained in collections), and studying their genetic relationships, the present work affects marketing and commercial exploitations related to grape cultivars. It also contributes to the knowledge of cultivar history and movements in ancient times.</p>

Linking between genetic structure and geographical distance: Study of the maternal gene pool in the Ethiopian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Messina ◽  
Giuseppina Scano ◽  
Irene Contini ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Labarga ◽  
Gian Franco De Stefano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Maternal Gene

Gene Pool of Khakass and Shors for Y Chromosome Markers: Common Components and Tribal Genetic Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-855
Author(s):  
V. N. Kharkov ◽  
L. M. Novikova ◽  
O. V. Shtygasheva ◽  
F. A. Luzina ◽  
I. Yu. Khitrinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Chromosome Markers ◽  
Common Components

scholarly journals Estimation of crown and canopy cover from airborne lidar data

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mait Lang
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Metsa katvuse ja liituse hindamine lennukilt laserskanneriga Tests were carried out in mature Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver birch stands at Järvselja, Estonia, to estimate canopy cover (K) and crown cover (L) from airborne lidar data. Independent estimates Kc and Lc for K and L were calculated from the Cajanus tube readings made on the ground at 1.3 m height. Lidar data based cover estimates depended on the inclusion of different order returns significantly. In all the stands first order return based estimate K1 was biased positively (3-10%) at the reference height of 1.3 m compared to ground measurements. All lidar based estimates decreased with increasing the reference height. Single return (Ky) and all return (Kk) based canopy cover estimates depended more on the sand structure compared to K1. The ratio of all return count to the first return count D behaved like crown cover estimate in all stands. However, in spruce stand D understimated Lc significantly. In the Scots pine stand K1(1.3) = 0.7431 was most similar canopy cover estimate relative to the ground estimate Kc = 0,7362 whereas Ky(1.3) and Kk(1.3) gave significant underestimates (>15%) of K. Caused by the simple structure of Scots pine stand - only one layer pine trees, the Cajanus tube based canopy cover (Kc), crown cover (Lc) and lidar data based canopy density D(1.3) values were rather similar. In the Norway spruce stand and in the Silver birch stand second layer and regeneration trees were present. In the Silver birch stand Kk(1.3) and Ky(1.3) estimated Kc rather well. In the Norway spruce stand Ky(1.3) and K1(1.3) were the best estimators of Kc whereas Kk(1.3) underestimated canopy cover. Lidar data were found to be usable for canopy cover and crown cover assessment but the selection of the estimator is not trivial and depends on the stand structure.

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