scholarly journals A Novel Internet of Energy Based Optimal Multi-Agent Control Scheme for Microgrid Including Renewable Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8146
Author(s):  
Bilal Naji Alhasnawi ◽  
Basil H. Jasim ◽  
Zain-Aldeen S. A. Rahman ◽  
Josep M. Guerrero ◽  
M. Dolores Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Multi Agent

The increasing integration of Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) in distribution networks forms the Networked Renewable Energy Resources (NRERs). The cooperative Peer-to-Peer (P2P) control architecture is able to fully exploit the resilience and flexibility of NRERs. This study proposes a multi-agent system to achieve P2P control of NRERs based Internet of Things (IoT). The control system is fully distributed and contains two control layers operated in the agent of each RER. For primary control, a droop control is adopted by each RER-agent for localized power sharing. For secondary control, a distributed diffusion algorithm is proposed for arbitrary power sharing among RERs. The proposed levels communication system is implemented to explain the data exchange between the distribution network system and the cloud server. The local communication level utilizes the Internet Protocol (IP)/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is used as the protocol for the global communication level. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated by numerical simulation with the modified IEEE 9 node test feeder. The controller proposed in this paper achieved savings of 20.65% for the system, 25.99% for photovoltaic, 35.52 for diesel generator, 24.59 for batteries, and 52.34% for power loss.

scholarly journals Effect of Distributed Wind Generation on the Voltage Sag of Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1884-1889
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

As the issue of global warming is worsening, the shift towards using renewable energy resources is becoming more of an obligation rather than an option. With the continual decline in the cost of distributed small and medium-scale renewables and government sponsored programs, the outlook of growth of these converter-based resources remain high. Renewable energy resources are connected at the end-user terminals, in close proximity to the load at the distribution network. Such connection in the locale brings perceived benefits of transmission loss reduction, increased energy efficiency and improved voltage regulation. Yet, distributed renewable generation have noticeable effects on system’s power quality. This paper investigates the impacts of distributed wind generation on the voltage sag of distribution systems. A systematic approach is constructed to capture voltage sag occurrence incidents, due to wind generation connected at distribution nodes, and trigger the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) into active operation mode to rectify the voltage sag problem. A test feeder system is represented using MATLAB/Simulink with wind turbines connected at several nodes of the system. A model for the DVR is developed in Simulink. It was then integrated with the test feeder system. Simulation results show that the incorporation of increased proportions of wind generation into the distribution network may give rise to negative operating conflicts as far as the voltage sag is concerned. Results manifest that the DVR is capable of effective correction of the voltage sag, caused by a three phase short-circuit fault, in presence of high penetration levels of variable wind generation connected at disparate locations in the distribution network.

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