A Data-Driven Framework for Analyzing Spatial Distribution of the Elderly Cardholders by Using Smart Card Data

In this era of population aging, it is essential to understand the spatial distribution patterns of the elderly. Based on the smart card data of the elderly, this study aims to detect the home location and examine the spatial distribution patterns of the elderly cardholders in Beijing. A framework is proposed that includes three methods. First, a rule-based approach is proposed to identify the home location of the elderly cardholders based on individual travel pattern. The result has strong correlation with the real elderly population. Second, the clustering method is adopted to group bus stops based on the elderly travel flow. The center points of clusters are utilized to construct a Voronoi diagram. Third, a quasi-gravity model is proposed to reveal the elderly mobility between regions, using the public facilities index. The model measures the elderly travel number between regions, according to public facilities index on the basis of the total number of point of interest (POI) data. Beijing is used as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methods, and the methods can be widely used for urban planning, design and management regarding the aging population.