scholarly journals Profilin 1 and Mitochondria—Partners in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Paszek ◽  
Wojciech Zajdel ◽  
Tomasz Rajs ◽  
Krzysztof Żmudka ◽  
Jacek Legutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Oxidized Cholesterol ◽  
Artery Disease

Atherosclerosis remains a large health and economic burden. Even though it has been studied for more than a century, its complex pathophysiology has not been elucidated. The relatively well-established contributors include: chronic inflammation in response to oxidized cholesterol, reactive oxygen species-induced damage and apoptosis. Recently, profilin 1, a regulator of actin dynamics emerged as a potential new player in the field. Profilin is abundant in stable atherosclerotic plaques and in thrombi extracted from infarct-related arteries in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The exact role of profilin in atherosclerosis and its complications, as well as its mechanisms of action, remain unknown. Here, we summarize several pathways in which profilin may act through mitochondria in a number of processes implicated in atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Role of Selected miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases, Including Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction and Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Naina Khullar ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad Waza ◽  
Chandan Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest the role of miRNAs as valuable biomarkers. A single biomarker may be insufficient to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus, a combination of different miRNAs may prove fruitful. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the role of circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals High Plasma Levels of Soluble Talin-1 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Masayuki Aoyama ◽  
Yoshimi Kishimoto ◽  
Emi Saita ◽  
Yukinori Ikegami ◽  
Reiko Ohmori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Aims. Talin-1 is a cytoskeletal protein that binds integrin, thereby leading to integrin activation and affecting focal adhesions. Recently, talin-1 expression was reported to be downregulated in human atherosclerotic plaques. However, blood levels of soluble talin-1 (sTalin-1) in patients with atherosclerotic disease, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), have not been elucidated. Methods. We measured plasma sTalin-1 levels in 349 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was represented as the number of stenotic coronary vessels and segments. Results. Of the 349 study patients, CAD was found in 194 patients, of whom 88 had 1-vessel disease (1-VD), 60 had 2-vessel disease (2-VD), and 46 had 3-vessel disease (3-VD). Plasma sTalin-1 levels were higher in 194 patients with CAD than in 155 without CAD (CAD(-) group) (median 0.30 vs. 0.23 ng/mL, P<0.005). A stepwise increase in sTalin-1 levels was found depending on the number of >50% stenotic coronary vessels: 0.23 in CAD(-), 0.29 in 1-VD, 0.30 in 2-VD, and 0.32 ng/mL in 3-VD group, respectively, (P<0.05). High sTalin-1 level (>0.28 ng/mL) was found in 36% of CAD(-), 51% of 1-VD, 53% of 2-VD, and 59% of 3-VD group (P<0.025). sTalin-1 levels also correlated with the number of >50% stenotic segments (r=0.14, P<0.02). The multivariate analysis revealed that sTalin-1 levels were independently associated with CAD. The odds ratio for CAD was 1.83 (95%CI=1.14−2.93) for high sTalin-1 level (>0.28 ng/mL) (P<0.02). Conclusions. Plasma sTalin-1 levels in patients with CAD were found to be high and to be associated with the presence and severity of CAD, suggesting a role of sTalin-1 in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

2387Recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality in relation to antiplatelet therapy in patients with myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bossard ◽  
S Yusuf ◽  
J F Tanguay ◽  
D P Faxon ◽  
W E Boden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Approximately 10% of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) do not have obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). The role of antiplatelet therapy and outcomes in this group remain unclear. We assessed prognosis and the effect of an intensified clopidogrel regimen in MINOCA patients. Methods We analyzed data from the CURRENT-OASIS 7 trial, which randomized 25,086 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) referred for early intervention to receive either double-dose (600mg day 1; 150mg days 2–7; then 75mg daily) or standard-dose (300mg day 1; then 75mg daily) clopidogrel. We evaluated clinical outcomes at 30-days in patients with versus without obstructive CAD and in relation to standard versus double-dose clopidogrel. Results Overall, 23,783 MI patients were included, of which 1,599 (6.7%) had MINOCA. MINOCA patients were younger, more frequently presented with non-ST-segment elevation MI and had fewer comorbidities. Rates of all-cause mortality (0.7% versus 2.4%, p=0.0046), cardiovascular mortality (0.6 versus 2.2%, p=0.0056), repeat MI (0.5% versus 2.3%, p=0.0009) and major bleedings (0.7% versus 2.5%, p=0.0001) were significantly lower among patients with MINOCA versus those with obstructive CAD. Compared with the standard-dose clopidogrel regimen, the double-dose regimen appeared to increase the risk of cardiovascular death, MI or stroke in MINOCA patients (0.8% versus 2.1%, hazard ratio (HR) 2.74, P=0.033). There was no difference in those with obstructive CAD (4.7% versus 4.4%, HR 0.93, P=0.226; P-for-interaction=0.023) (see Figure 1A). Major bleeding did not occur more frequently in MINOCA patients with double- versus standard-dose clopidogrel regimen (0.7% versus 0.6%, (HR 1.16 (95% CI 0.35–3.80), p=0.805), but their rate was higher In MI patients with obstructive CAD (2.7% versus 2.2% (HR 1.26 (95% CI 1.06–1.49), p=0.008) (Figure 1B). Figure 1A & B Conclusions Compared to MI patients with obstructive CAD, patients presenting with MINOCA represent a distinct cohort, which is generally younger, has a higher NSTEMI prevalence and fewer comorbidities. Their risk for adverse events, especially repeat MI, stroke, death, and bleeding, is low (<1%) at 30 days. Applying an intensified clopidogrel regimen in MINOCA patients appears to be related to a higher risk for CV death, MI and stroke. Accordingly, more potent antiplatelet regimens might be harmful among MINOCA patients and should not be administered routinely. Nevertheless, there is a need for more prospective studies evaluating the role of dual antiplatelet therapies in MINOCA patients. Acknowledgement/Funding The CURRENT-OASIS 7 trial was sponsored by Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Obesity and Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis K. Samson ◽  
Gina L. C. Yosten ◽  
Carol Ann Remme
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Obesity Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetic Syndrome

While much has been written about the syndrome of diabetic cardiomyopathy, clinicians and research scientists are now beginning to realize that an entirely unique syndrome exists, albeit with several commonalities to the diabetic syndrome, that being obesity cardiomyopathy. This syndrome develops independent of such comorbidities as hypertension, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease; and it is characterized by specific alterations in adipose tissue function, inflammation and metabolism. Recent insights into the etiology of the syndrome and its consequences have focused on the roles played by altered intracellular calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A timely and comprehensive review by Ren, Wu, Wang, Sowers and Zhang (1) identifies unique mechanisms underlying this syndrome, its relationship to heart failure and the recently identified incidence of COVID-19-related cardiovascular mortality. Importantly, the review concludes by advancing recommendations for novel approaches to the clinical management of this dangerous form of cardiomyopathy.

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