scholarly journals Female Germ Cell Development, Functioning and Associated Adversities under Unfavorable Circumstances

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bharti ◽  
Manisha Tikka ◽  
Sang-Yun Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Bok ◽  
Hyeon-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Autocrine Signaling ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Female Germ Cell ◽  
One Year

In the present era, infertility is one of the major issues which restricts many couples to have their own children. Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for the period of one year or more. Various factors including defective male or female germ cell development, unhealthy and improper lifestyles, diseases like cancer and associated chemo-or-radiation therapies, congenital disorders, etc., may be responsible for infertility. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the basic concepts of germ cell development including primordial germ cell (PGC) formation, specification, migration, entry to genital ridges and their molecular mechanisms, activated pathways, paracrine and autocrine signaling, along with possible alteration which can hamper germ cell development and can cause adversities like cancer progression and infertility. Knowing all these aspects in a proper way can be very much helpful in improving our understanding about gametogenesis and finding possible ways to cure related disorders. Here in this review, various aspects of gametogenesis especially female gametes and relevant factors causing functional impairment have been thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Female Germ Cell Development, Functioning and Associated Adversities Under Unfavorable Circumstances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bharti ◽  
Manisha Tikka ◽  
Sang-Yun Lee ◽  
Eun-Yeong Bok ◽  
Hyeon-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Autocrine Signaling ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Female Germ Cell ◽  
One Year

In the present era, infertility is one of the major issues which restricts many couples to have their own kids. Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for the period of one year or more. Various factors including defective male or female germ cell development, unhealthy and improper lifestyles, diseases like cancer and associated chemo-or-radiation therapies, congenital disorders etc. may be responsible for infertility. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the basic concepts of germ cell development including primordial germ cell (PGC) formation, specification, migration, entry to genital ridges and their molecular mechanisms, activated pathways, paracrine and autocrine signaling, along with possible alteration which can hamper germ cell development and can cause adversities like cancer progression and infertility. Knowing all these aspects in a proper way can be very much helpful in improving our understanding about gametogenesis and finding possible ways to cure related disorders. Here in this review, various aspects of gametogenesis especially female gametes and relevant factors causing functional impairment have been thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Persistent Requirement and Alteration of the Key Targets of PRDM1 During Primordial Germ Cell Development in Mice1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Yamashiro ◽  
Takayuki Hirota ◽  
Kazuki Kurimoto ◽  
Tomonori Nakamura ◽  
Yukihiro Yabuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development

scholarly journals MicroRNA Biogenesis Is Required for Mouse Primordial Germ Cell Development and Spermatogenesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko Hayashi ◽  
Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes ◽  
Masahiro Kaneda ◽  
Fuchou Tang ◽  
Petra Hajkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Microrna Biogenesis ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Mouse Primordial Germ Cell

Molecular mechanisms involved in Sertoli cell adaptation to glucose deprivation

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. E907-E914 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F. Riera ◽  
María N. Galardo ◽  
Eliana H. Pellizzari ◽  
Silvina B. Meroni ◽  
Selva B. Cigorraga
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Glucose Levels

Sertoli cells provide the physical support and the necessary environment for germ cell development. Among the products secreted by Sertoli cells, lactate, the preferred energy substrate for spermatocytes and spermatids, is present. Considering the essential role of lactate on germ cell metabolism, it is supposed that Sertoli cells must ensure its production even in adverse conditions, such as those that would result from a decrease in glucose levels in the extracellular milieu. The aim of the present study was to investigate 1) a possible effect of glucose deprivation on glucose uptake and on the expression of glucose transporters in rat Sertoli cells and 2) the participation of different signal transduction pathways in the above-mentioned regulation. Results obtained show that decreasing glucose levels in Sertoli cell culture medium provokes 1) an increase in glucose uptake accompanied by only a slight decrease in lactate production, 2) an increase in GLUT1 and a decrease in GLUT3 expression, and 3) an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/PKB-, and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways. Additionally, by using specific inhibitors of these pathways, a possible participation of AMPK- and p38MAPK-dependent pathways in the regulation of glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression is shown. These results suggest that Sertoli cells adapt to conditions of glucose deprivation to ensure an adequate lactate concentration in the microenvironment where germ cell development occurs.

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