Cerebral and Somatic Oxygen Saturation in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease before Surgery

BACKGROUND: We investigated preoperative cerebral (ScO2) and abdominal (StO2) regional oxygen saturations according to cardiac diagnosis in neonates with critical CHD, their time trends, and the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with them. METHODS: Thirty-seven neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD were included. ScO2 and StO2 values were continuously evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy. Measurements were obtained hourly before surgery. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess the effects of time and cardiac diagnosis on regional oxygenation and to explore the contributing factors. RESULTS: Regional oxygenation differed according to cardiac diagnosis (p < 0.001). ScO2 was lowest in the patients with severe atrioventricular valvar regurgitation (AVVR) (48.1 ± 8.0%). StO2 tended to be lower than ScO2, and both worsened gradually during the period between birth and surgery. There was also a significant interaction between cardiac diagnosis and time. The factors related to ScO2 were hemoglobin and arterial saturation, whereas no factor was associated with StO2. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ScO2 and StO2 in critical CHD differed according to cardiac diagnosis. ScO2 in the patients with severe AVVR was very low, which may imply cerebral hypoxia. ScO2 gradually decreased, suggesting that the longer the time to surgery, the higher the risk of hypoxic brain injury.

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Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish

International Journal of Bilingualism ◽

10.1177/1367006921996807 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136700692199680

Author(s):

Michael Gradoville ◽

Mark Waltermire ◽

Avizia Long

Keyword(s):

Language Contact ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Frequency Effect ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽

Phonetic Variation ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Contact Language ◽

The Relationship ◽

Phonetic Realization

Aims and objectives: While previous research has shown that phonetic variation in language contact situations is affected by whether a word has a cognate in the contact language, this paper aims to show that such an effect is not monotonic. According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect. Methodology: This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We examined this relationship in the bilingual community of Rivera, Uruguay, in which both Portuguese and Spanish are spoken with regularity. Specifically, we focused on intervocalic /d/, which in monolingual Spanish is realized as an approximant [ð̞] or phonetic zero, but in monolingual Brazilian Portuguese is produced as a stop [d] or, in most varieties, an affricate [ʤ] before [i]. Data and analysis: We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of the Spanish spoken in Rivera. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the relationship between several predictors and the degree of constriction of intervocalic /d/. Findings/conclusions: While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates. Originality: No previous study has demonstrated that the cognate effect on phonetic variation in a situation of language contact is regulated by form similarity between cognate pairs. Significance/implications: The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.

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An autoregressive linear mixed effects model for the analysis of longitudinal data which include dropouts and show profiles approaching asymptotes

Statistics in Medicine ◽

10.1002/sim.3417 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (30) ◽

pp. 6351-6366 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Takashi Funatogawa ◽

Ikuko Funatogawa ◽

Masahiro Takeuchi

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Mixed Effects Model ◽

Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽

Linear Mixed Effects

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Individual tree diameter increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using a multilevel linear mixed effects model

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.046 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 256 (3) ◽

pp. 438-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Fabian C.C. Uzoh ◽

William W. Oliver

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Western United States ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Diameter Increment ◽

Diameter Increment Model

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Respiratory function declines in children with asthma associated with chemical species of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Nagasaki, Japan

Environmental Health ◽

10.1186/s12940-021-00796-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoonhee Kim ◽

Eun Ha Park ◽

Chris Fook Sheng Ng ◽

Yeonseung Chung ◽

Kunio Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Lung Function ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Linear Mixed Effects Model ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Transboundary Air Pollution ◽

Children With Asthma

Abstract Background The differential effects of PM2.5 fractions on children’s lung function remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine whether lung function in asthmatic children was associated with increased PM2.5 fractions in urban areas in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, where the air pollution level is relatively low but influenced by transboundary air pollution. Methods We conducted a multiyear panel study of 73 asthmatic children (boys, 60.3%; mean age, 8.2 years) spanning spring 2014–2016 in two cities. We collected self-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice a day and daily time-series data for PM2.5 total mass and its chemical species. We fitted a linear mixed effects model to examine short-term associations between PEF and PM2.5, adjusting for individual and time-varying confounders. A generalized linear mixed effects model was also used to estimate the association for worsening asthma defined by severe PEF decline. Back-trajectory and cluster analyses were used to investigate the long-range transboundary PM2.5 in the study areas. Results We found that morning PEFs were adversely associated with higher levels of sulfate (− 1.61 L/min; 95% CI: − 3.07, − 0.15) in Nagasaki city and organic carbon (OC) (− 1.02 L/min; 95% CI: − 1.94, − 0.09) in Isahaya city, per interquartile range (IQR) increase at lag1. In addition, we observed consistent findings for worsening asthma, with higher odds of severe PEF decline in the morning for sulfate (odds ratio (OR) = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.77) and ammonium (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.84) in Nagasaki city and OC (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.15) in Isahaya city, per IQR increase at lag1. The significant chemical species were higher on days that could be largely attributed to the path of Northeast China origin (for sulfate and ammonium) or both the same path and local sources (for OC) than by other clusters. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the differential effects of PM2.5 fractions on lung function among asthmatic children in urban areas, where the Japanese national standards of air quality have been nearly met. Continuous efforts to promote mitigation actions and public awareness of hazardous transboundary air pollution are needed to protect susceptible children with asthma.

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