scholarly journals Determinants of Nocturnal Cardiovascular Variability and Heart Rate Arousal Response in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)/Periodic Limb Movements (PLMS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sforza ◽  
Roche ◽  
Pichot
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Arousal Response

Recent studies have suggested that restless legs syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases mediated by sympathetic activation occurring during periodic limb movements. The aim of this study was to establish which factors affect the degree of sympathetic activation during the basal condition and during periodic limb movements that may contribute to increased vascular risk. Fifty untreated restless legs syndrome patients aged 62.6 ± 11.1 y, free of cardiovascular diseases, were examined. Heart rate variability was calculated during wakefulness and all sleep stages, during periods with and without periodic limb movements. Heart rate changes before and after periodic limb movement onset were analyzed to assess the arousal response to periodic limb movements. Both analyses took into account the effects of age, gender, periodic limb movement duration, periodic limb movement index, periodic limb movement interval and periodicity, and magnitude of muscular activity (electromyogram power). Compared to periods without periodic limb movements, a significant increase in sympathetic activity occurred in periods with periodic limb movements, independent of age, sex and periodic limb movement characteristics. Data obtained from the cardiac arousal response to periodic limb movements showed that electromyogram power is the factor affecting sympathetic tonus. These results suggest that other factors, such as electromyogram power and individual susceptibility, should be considered in the assessment of the vascular risk related to restless legs syndrome.

scholarly journals Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. e38-e49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Sharon ◽  
Arthur Scott Walters ◽  
Narong Simakajornboon
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs

Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) have been studied more than any other sleep-related movement disorder in the pediatric population. A common feature to both, periodic limb movements, occurs in many other disorders and also in reportedly healthy children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the different types of limb movements as it pertains to pediatric RLS and PLMD and provides an update on these disorders. Methods A literature search was performed with the following inclusion criteria: English publication, limb movements, leg movements, periodic limb movements of sleep, periodic limb movements during wake, PLMD, RLS, with each of the modifiers, children, pediatric, and adolescents. Identified publications were reviewed and their reference lists were searched for additional relevant publications. Results A total of 102 references were included in this review. These included epidemiological studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series, observational data, reviews, and consensus guidelines. A critical summary of these findings is presented. Conclusion The limited evidence-based data support the importance of evaluating limb movements in the context of the clinical symptomatology presented by the child or the adolescent. Further research is needed to (1) better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in periodic limb movements as encountered in the pediatric PLMD or RLS patient and their impact on the overall health and well-being, (2) develop objective diagnostic criteria for RLS and differentiate it from its “mimics” in the pediatric population, and (3) establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability in restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of Sleep

Sleep Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Barone ◽  
Matthew R. Ebben ◽  
Miles DeGrazia ◽  
David Mortara ◽  
Ana C. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Restless Legs

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Accardo
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis Ekbom disease (WED), is a sensory disorder with a circadian component. An irresistible urge to move the legs disrupts sleep onset and maintenance. Periodic limb movements in sleep, semirhythmic in nature, often overlap with RLS, though periodic limb movement disorder can be diagnosed in the absence of RLS’s distinctive sensory symptoms. Disruptions in dopaminergic pathways, iron metabolism, and the opioid system have all been implicated in pathogenesis, and there is a strong genetic component. RLS is common, affecting 5% to 10% of adults. Its best-known treatments are dopamine agonists; however, other treatments are effective.

Automatic Detection of Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS), And Analysis of Their Relationship to Heart Rate Signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharadha Kolappan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Features

Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep (PLMS) are a sleep-related disorder of the limbs that increasingly more research has begun to associate with severe Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). With that said, Polysomnography (PSG), followed by manual scoring, is the conventional approach being used to monitor the disorder. However, patient inconvenience, and the high costs associated with PSG, has probed the need for alternative screening tools to be developed. Moreover, due to the cumbersome and time-consuming nature of manually scoring for PLMS, more studies have begun to look into automated means of detecting PLMS. Hence, while one of the goals of the current thesis was to use the latest clinical specifications to develop an automated Periodic Limb Movement (PLM) detector, the other goal was to look into alternative signals to monitor PLMS. With that said, in the current thesis, an automated PLM detector was developed and tested on two datasets. In fact, the results were promising in that, correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.8, and absolute differences not greater than 9 and 6 (not including the extreme outliers) respectively, were found when comparing the clinical PLM scores with that of the automated algorithm’s PLM scores. Moreover, not only did the automated PLM detector compute PLM scores, it also provided us with PLM segmentation information, i.e., localization of PLM with respect to time. On the other hand, with regards to finding alternative signals to monitor PLMS, the etiology of PLMS was used in order to validate the use of relatively easily acquirable signals, such as Heart Rate (HR) signals, to monitor the condition. Moreover, core features were extracted from the HR signals and the PLM segmentation information from the developed PLM detector was used in order to perform individuaized classification between PLM and non-PLM segments (per subject). Although the results were promising in that, the percent of correctly identifying a given segment as PLM or non-PLM, using the HR features, across most of the subjects, i.e., especially those with PLM Index ≥ 15, were around and well above the 70% range, due to the possibility of other factors interfering with HR during sleep, a more immediate application of the observed PLMS vs HR distinction was, to be able to monitor the autonomic health of an individual, given their PLM information. Specifically, the latter was anticipated to be useful for studies looking into the relationship between PLMS and HR, and thus CVD, or more significantly, those looking into preventing CVD by treating PLM.

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