scholarly journals Virtual Histology to Evaluate Mechanisms of Pulmonary Artery Lumen Enlargement in Response to Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Wojciech Magoń ◽  
Jakub Stępniewski ◽  
Marcin Waligóra ◽  
Kamil Jonas ◽  
Roman Przybylski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virtual Histology ◽  
Arterial Lumen ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Light Green

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) results from an obstruction of pulmonary arteries (PAs) by organized thrombi. The stenosed PAs are targeted during balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). We aimed to evaluate the mechanism of BPA in inoperable patients with CTEPH. We analyzed stenosed PAs with intravascular grey-scale ultrasound (IVUS) to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of arterial lumen and of organized thrombi. The composition of organized thrombi was assessed using virtual histology. We distinguished two mechanisms of BPA: Type A with dominant vessel stretching, and type B with dominant thrombus compression. PAs were assessed before (n = 159) and after (n = 98) BPA in 20 consecutive patients. Organized thrombi were composed of dark-green (57.1 (48.0–64.0)%), light-green (34.0 (21.4–46.4)%), red (6.4 (2.9–11.7)%;) and white (0.2 (0.0–0.9)%) components. The mechanism type depended on vessel diameter (OR = 1.09(1.01–1.17); p = 0.03). In type B mechanism, decrease in the amount of light-green component positively correlated with an increase in lumen area after BPA (r = 0.50; p = 0.001). The mechanism of BPA depends on the diameter of the vessel. Dilation of more proximal PAs depends mainly on stretching of the vessel wall while dilation of smaller PAs depends on compression of the organized thrombi. The composition of the organized thrombi contributes to the effect of BPA.

scholarly journals Successful right heart remodelling and subsequent pregnancy in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing balloon pulmonary angioplasty: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Ikeda ◽  
Masaru Hatano ◽  
Takeshi Nagamatsu ◽  
Masato Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Heart Catheterization ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

AbstractBackgroundTo date, the management of pregnancy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and the associated risk of maternal mortality have not been established. Although balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with CTEPH is still an emerging procedure, this approach represents a promising alternative to pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), especially in patients with inoperable CTEPH.Case summaryWe present a case of a 34-year-old woman with CTEPH who desired to have a child. Right heart catheterization showed a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 54 mmHg. Since the lesions were observed in the distal part of subsegmental pulmonary arteries, there was no indication for PEA. After improvement in her haemodynamic status by BPA, she became pregnant. At 40 weeks of gestation, a normal baby was delivered vaginally. Both mother and baby have made satisfactory progress.DiscussionIn cases in which the haemodynamic status is improved by effective BPA, pregnancy and childbirth may be possible, even in patients with CTEPH.

scholarly journals Parameters of acute vasoreactivity testing after balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Sergey Y. Yarovoy ◽  
Irina E. Chazova ◽  
Yuri G. Matchin ◽  
Nikolay M. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Aim.To study the effect of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) on the changes of pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output and structural parameters of pulmonary arteries after acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) in inoperable patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Materials and methods.The prospective study included 22 patients with inoperable CTEPH. 11 patients underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) of the pulmonary arteries. The assessment of clinical and hemodynamic parameters, vasoreactivity, structural parameters of the pulmonary arteries according to IVUS data was performed at 2 visits before the first BPA and after a series of BPA. Results.The patients underwent 2.31.4 stages of BPA. The follow up was 160 (85; 248) days. Positive changes after a series of BPA were revealed in clinical (functional class, distance in the 6-minute walk test, level of brain natriuretic peptide) and hemodynamic (systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressure, right atrium pressure, etc.) parameters. The results of the AVT after BPA demonstrated a decrease in the portion of non-responders from 63.6 to 55.5%, and a group of responders (16.7%) has appeared. According to IVUS before and after AVT, the response to iloprost administration was observed basically in branches of subsegmental pulmonary arteries and initially corresponded to the process of vasodilation. However, after a series of BPA there was noted a paradoxical reaction in the middle section after the AVT a decrease in the vessel lumen and an increase in the thickness and area of the vessel wall. This effect is probably associated with the response to the test at the level of the microvasculature, as in pulmonary arterial hypertension before the onset of its pronounced structural changes. The data obtained confirm the reverse remodeling of the pulmonary vessels and the restoration of vasoreactivity after a series of BPA. Conclusion.BPA improves clinical and hemodynamic parameters, as well as pulmonary vasoreactivity, in inoperable patients with CTEPH. AVT may be included in the recommendations for the examination of patients with CTEPH to assess the effectiveness of BPA and determine the disease prognosis.

scholarly journals Selective Segmental Pulmonary Angiography: Anatomical, Technical and Safety Aspects of a Must-Learn Technique in Times of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3358
Author(s):  
Maite Velázquez ◽  
Nicolás Maneiro ◽  
Ana Lareo ◽  
Agustín Albarrán ◽  
Sergio Huertas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
Subtraction Technique ◽  
Manual Skill ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

With the advent of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for non-surgical chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients, there is renewed interest in the pulmonary angiography technique. This technique is still the standard imaging modality to confirm CTEPH, which, in addition, helps to determine the most appropriate treatment. Furthermore, learning this technique fulfills two main purposes: to identify BPA candidates and to provide the operator with the catheter handling needed to perform BPA. Operators interested in performing BPA must learn not only the pulmonary arteries’ anatomy, but also which are the best angiographic projections and the most suitable catheters to canalize and display each segmental branch. Unfortunately, this information is scarce in the literature. With this goal, learning the diagnostic pulmonary angiography technique can be a first step on the way to perform BPA. Although there are descriptions on how to perform a pulmonary angiography with balloon-tipped catheters and the digital subtraction technique, this technique does not provide operators with the catheter knowledge and manual skill needed to cannulate each segmental branch. In contrast, learning the conventional selective segmental pulmonary angiography (SSPA) technique provides the operator with this knowledge and skills. In this review, based on the experience of the authors, we describe the pulmonary arteries’ anatomy and detail the practical aspects of the SSPA procedure, with the aim of providing operators with the anatomical and technical knowledge needed to perform BPA. We also summarize the contemporary complications of SSPA in CTEPH patients at a reference center.

P4675The utility of additional balloon pulmonary angioplasty for residual hypoxemia in normohemodynamic chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients after invasive treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Shimokawahara ◽  
H Matsubara ◽  
K Hayashi ◽  
M Tsuji ◽  
T Nishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Endarterectomy ◽  
Initial Series ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Obstruction

Abstract Background Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) improves hemodynamics, symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who are ineligible for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). However, certain patients still have hypoxemia after BPA or PEA despite normalization of hemodynamics. In CTEPH, hypoxemia is related increased dead space ventilation caused by vascular obstruction. Purpose This study was aimed to clarify whether additional BPA can improve hypoxemia of CTEPH patients after normalization of hemodynamics. Methods A total of 335 patients who underwent initial series of BPA in our institute were followed up. Sixty-four patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) <30mmHg and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) <95% without oxygen inhalation at more than 6 months after the initial series of BPA and of patients who could reevaluate hemodynamics and oxygenation after additional BPA were enrolled. These patients were divided into two groups with or without additional BPA procedures. Change of hemodynamics and SpO2 were retrospectively investigated. Results Thirty-three of 64 patients underwent additional BPA procedures. Patients' age was older in BPA group than those in non-BPA group (71.3±10.4 vs. 66.5±9.4 years old, p=0.02). mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was significantly higher in BPA group (mPAP: 23.9±3.2 vs. 20.7±3.8 mmHg, p=0.001, PVR: 4.2±1.2 vs. 3.5±1.4 wood unit, p=0.03, respectively). Among the 1.8±1.4 BPA procedures per person, total 6.6±3.8 segmental pulmonary arteries per person were treated. While no obvious improvements were observed in non-BPA group, PVR and SpO2 in BPA group were significantly improved (4.2±1.2 to 3.7±1.3 wood unit, p=0.002, 90.7±3.1% to 94.1±3.6%, p<0.001, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, additional BPA procedures were associated with further improvement of SpO2 (hazard ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–11.5; P=0.02). Conclusions Additional BPA procedure was associated with improvement of hypoxemia in CTEPH patients after normalization of hemodynamics. Treating as many lesions as possible in BPA might relieve the patients' residual dyspnea.

Pulmonary Endarterectomy: Assessment of Operability, Surgical Description, and Post-op Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Poch ◽  
Victor Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Endarterectomy ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Wedge Pressure

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure ≤15 mm Hg in the presence of occlusive thrombi within the pulmonary arteries. Surgical pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is considered the best treatment option for CTEPH.

scholarly journals Soluble ST2 as a Biomarker for Early Complications in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Marta Banaszkiewicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Pietrasik ◽  
Michał Florczyk ◽  
Piotr Kędzierski ◽  
Michał Piłka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Background: The aim of the study was to assess soluble ST2 (sST2) concentration and its dynamic changes in the periprocedural period in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treated with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Methods: We prospectively analyzed 57 procedures of BPA performed in 37 patients with CTEPH. Biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin T (TnT), and sST2 were assessed at four time points: Before the BPA procedure, 24 h and 48 h after the procedure, and at the discharge from hospital. Each postprocedural period was assessed for complications. Results: Before the BPA procedure, median sST2 concentration was 26.56 ng/mL (IQR: 16.66–40.83 ng/mL). sST2 concentration was significantly higher 24 h and 48 h after the BPA compared to the baseline measurements (33.31 ng/mL (IQR: 20.81–62.56), p = 0.000 and 27.45 ng/mL (IQR: 17.66–54.45), p = 0.028, respectively). sST2 level 24 h after the BPA procedure was significantly higher in the group with complications compared to the group without complications in the postprocedural period (97.66 ng/mL (IQR: 53.07–126.18) vs. 26.86 ng/mL (IQR: 19.10–40.12), p = 0.000). Conclusions: sST2 concentration in patients with CTEPH treated with BPA changes significantly in the postprocedural period and is significantly higher in the group with complications in postprocedural period.

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