scholarly journals Mixed Cation Halide Perovskite under Environmental and Physical Stress

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3954
Author(s):  
Rosanna Larciprete ◽  
Antonio Agresti ◽  
Sara Pescetelli ◽  
Hanna Pazniak ◽  
Andrea Liedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Perovskite Materials ◽  
Surface Contaminants ◽  
Physico Chemical

Despite the ideal performance demonstrated by mixed perovskite materials when used as active layers in photovoltaic devices, the factor which still hampers their use in real life remains the poor stability of their physico-chemical and functional properties when submitted to prolonged permanence in atmosphere, exposure to light and/or to moderately high temperature. We used high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy to compare the chemical state of triple cation, double halide Csx(FA0.83MA0.17)(1−x)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskite thin films being freshly deposited or kept for one month in the dark or in the light in environmental conditions. Important deviations from the nominal composition were found in the samples aged in the dark, which, however, did not show evident signs of oxidation and basically preserved their own electronic structures. Ageing in the light determined a dramatic material deterioration with heavily perturbed chemical composition also due to reactions of the perovskite components with surface contaminants, promoted by the exposure to visible radiation. We also investigated the implications that 2D MXene flakes, recently identified as effective perovskite additive to improve solar cell efficiency, might have on the labile resilience of the material to external agents. Our results exclude any deleterious MXene influence on the perovskite stability and, actually, might evidence a mild stabilizing effect for the fresh samples, which, if doped, exhibited a lower deviation from the expected stoichiometry with respect to the undoped sample. The evolution of the undoped perovskites under thermal stress was studied by heating the samples in UHV while monitoring in real time, simultaneously, the behaviour of four representative material elements. Moreover, we could reveal the occurrence of fast changes induced in the fresh material by the photon beam as well as the enhanced decomposition triggered by the concurrent X-ray irradiation and thermal heating.

Experimental and Theoretical Comparable Study of Pure and Zinc Porphyrin Surface Modified ZnO Nanorod Arrays for Hybrid Solar Cell Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Hybrid Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Annealing Effects ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Surface Modified

Experimental and theoretical study Porphyrin-grafted ZnO nanowire arrays were investigated for organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell applications. Two types of porphyrin – Tetra (4-carboxyphenyle) TCPP and meso-Tetraphenylporphine (Zinc-TPP)were used to modify the nanowire surfaces. The vertically aligned nanowires with porphyrin modifications were embedded in graphene-enriched poly (3-hexylthiophene) [G-P3HT] for p-n junction nanowire solar cells. Surface grafting of ZnO nanowires was found to improve the solar cell efficiency. There are different effect for the two types of porphyrin as results of Zn existing. Annealing effects on the solar cell performance were investigated by heating the devices up to 225 °C in air. It was found that the cell performance was significantly degraded after annealing. The degradation was attributed to the polymer structural change at high temperature as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 58)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Green ◽  
Ewan D. Dunlop ◽  
Jochen Hohl‐Ebinger ◽  
Masahiro Yoshita ◽  
Nikos Kopidakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

scholarly journals CdTe-Based Thin Film Solar Cells: Past, Present and Future

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Alessandro Romeo ◽  
Elisa Artegiani
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

CdTe is a very robust and chemically stable material and for this reason its related solar cell thin film photovoltaic technology is now the only thin film technology in the first 10 top producers in the world. CdTe has an optimum band gap for the Schockley-Queisser limit and could deliver very high efficiencies as single junction device of more than 32%, with an open circuit voltage of 1 V and a short circuit current density exceeding 30 mA/cm2. CdTe solar cells were introduced at the beginning of the 70s and they have been studied and implemented particularly in the last 30 years. The strong improvement in efficiency in the last 5 years was obtained by a new redesign of the CdTe solar cell device reaching a single solar cell efficiency of 22.1% and a module efficiency of 19%. In this paper we describe the fabrication process following the history of the solar cell as it was developed in the early years up to the latest development and changes. Moreover the paper also presents future possible alternative absorbers and discusses the only apparently controversial environmental impacts of this fantastic technology.

Optimizing solar cell efficiency with neural networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garner H. Fleming ◽  
Bennett T. Smith ◽  
Matthew G. Dickman ◽  
J. Shawn Addington ◽  
David L. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

RTP process effect on multicrystalline mc-Si wafers and its impact on solar cell efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacine Kouhlane ◽  
Djoudi Bouhafs ◽  
Abdelkader Guenda ◽  
Nacer-Eddine Demagh ◽  
Assia Guessoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

scholarly journals How solar cell efficiency is governed by the αμτ product

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Kaienburg ◽  
Lisa Krückemeier ◽  
Dana Lübke ◽  
Jenny Nelson ◽  
Uwe Rau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency

CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot Core-Shell for Silicon Solar Cell Efficiency Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Manal Midhat Abdullah ◽  
Omar Adnan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Solar Cell Efficiency ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Electron Hole Pair ◽  
Pair Generation

Core-shell nanocrystals are utilized to improve vitality conversion efficiency of Si based solar cells. In the present work, a study of synthesis and characterization of photo luminescent, down-shifting, core-shell CdSe/CdS quantum dots is introduced. The QD,s absorb in the UV range (350nm) of the solar spectrum and emit photons with wavelengths centered at (574 nm). Calculated energy gap is (2.16 eV), which is well suited for Silicon absorption and electron-hole pair generation. The grain size is ranged between (1.814 and 3.456 nm). Results show that the cell efficiency is improved from (8.81%) (For a reference silicon solar cell) to (10.07%) (For a CdSe/CdS QD deposited directly on the surface of the solar cell). This improvement is referred to the spreading of the absorbed solar radiation over the spectral response of the Si solar cell.

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