scholarly journals Importance of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II Composition in HDL and Its Potential for Studying COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hyun Cho

The composition and properties of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) might be critical to SARS-CoV-2 infection via SR-BI and antiviral activity against COVID-19. HDL containing native apoA-I showed potent antiviral activity, while HDL containing glycated apoA-I or other apolipoproteins did not. However, there has been no report to elucidate the putative role of apoA-II in the antiviral activity of HDL.

2012 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina A. Hadfield ◽  
David I. Pattison ◽  
Bronwyn E. Brown ◽  
Liming Hou ◽  
Kerry-Anne Rye ◽  
...  

Oxidative modification of HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) by MPO (myeloperoxidase) compromises its anti-atherogenic properties, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Although it has been established that HOCl (hypochlorous acid) produced by MPO targets apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), the major apolipoprotein of HDLs, the role of the other major oxidant generated by MPO, HOSCN (hypothiocyanous acid), in the generation of dysfunctional HDLs has not been examined. In the present study, we characterize the structural and functional modifications of lipid-free apoA-I and rHDL (reconstituted discoidal HDL) containing apoA-I complexed with phospholipid, induced by HOSCN and its decomposition product, OCN− (cyanate). Treatment of apoA-I with HOSCN resulted in the oxidation of tryptophan residues, whereas OCN− induced carbamylation of lysine residues to yield homocitrulline. Tryptophan residues were more readily oxidized on apoA-I contained in rHDLs. Exposure of lipid-free apoA-I to HOSCN and OCN− significantly reduced the extent of cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded macrophages when compared with unmodified apoA-I. In contrast, HOSCN did not affect the anti-inflammatory properties of rHDL. The ability of HOSCN to impair apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, particularly in smokers who have high plasma levels of SCN− (thiocyanate).


2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Polyakov ◽  
D.V. Sumenkova ◽  
R.A. Knyazev ◽  
L.E. Panin

Using the methods of ultracentrifugation, gel-filtration and fluorescence quenching, we demonstrated, that plasma lipoproteins bind steroid hormones and can therefore play a role of their active transport form in an organism. High density lipoproteins have revealed the highest affinity to steroids for. It has been found, that protein component of lipoproteins takes part in the formation of lipoprotein-steroid complex. The apolipoprotein A-I, the main protein component of high density lipoproteins, is responsible for binding of steroid hormones. The calculated constants formation of the complexes of lipoproteins with steroid hormones testifies to specificity of linkage. The results obtained allow to considering real opportunity of transfer of steroid hormones into cell by a receptor-mediated endocytosis in structure of lipoproteins complexes.


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