scholarly journals Power Generation Performance of a Pilot-Scale Reverse Electrodialysis Using Monovalent Selective Ion-Exchange Membranes

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Soroush Mehdizadeh ◽  
Yuriko Kakihana ◽  
Takakazu Abo ◽  
Qingchun Yuan ◽  
Mitsuru Higa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Power Generation Performance

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising process for harvesting energy from the salinity gradient between two solutions without environmental impacts. Seawater (SW) and river water (RW) are considered the main RED feed solutions because of their good availability. In Okinawa Island (Japan), SW desalination via the reverse osmosis (RO) can be integrated with the RED process due to the production of a large amount of RO brine (concentrated SW, containing ~1 mol/dm3 of NaCl), which is usually discharged directly into the sea. In this study, a pilot-scale RED stack, with 299 cell pairs and 179.4 m2 of effective membrane area, was installed in the SW desalination plant. For the first time, asymmetric monovalent selective membranes with monovalent selective layer just at the side of the membranes were used as the ion exchange membranes (IEMs) inside the RED stack. Natural and model RO brines, as well as SW, were used as the high-concentrate feed solutions. RW, which was in fact surface water in this study and close to the desalination plant, was utilized as the low-concentrate feed solution. The power generation performance investigated by the current-voltage (I–V) test showed the maximum gross power density of 0.96 and 1.46 W/m2 respectively, when the natural and model RO brine/RW were used. These are a 50–60% improvement of the maximum gross power of 0.62 and 0.97 W/m2 generated from the natural and model SW, respectively. The approximate 50% more power generated from the model feed solutions can be assigned to the suppression of concentration polarization of the RED stack due to the absence of multivalent ions.

scholarly journals Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Hanki Kim ◽  
Jiyeon Choi ◽  
Namjo Jeong ◽  
Yeon-Gil Jung ◽  
Haeun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Pore Filling ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis

The reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack-harnessing salinity gradient power mainly consists of ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Among the various types of IEMs used in RED stacks, pore-filling ion exchange membranes (PIEMs) have been considered promising IEMs to improve the power density of RED stacks. The compositions of PIEMs affect the electrical resistance and permselectivity of PIEMs; however, their effect on the performance of large RED stacks have not yet been considered. In this study, PIEMs of various compositions with respect to the RED stack were adopted to evaluate the performance of the RED stack according to stack size (electrode area: 5 × 5 cm2 vs. 15 × 15 cm2). By increasing the stack size, the gross power per membrane area decreased despite the increase in gross power on a single RED stack. The electrical resistance of the PIEMs was the most important factor for enhancing the power production of the RED stack. Moreover, power production was less sensitive to permselectivities over 90%. By increasing the RED stack size, the contributions of non-ohmic resistances were significantly increased. Thus, we determined that reducing the salinity gradients across PIEMs by ion transport increased the non-ohmic resistance of large RED stacks. These results will aid in designing pilot-scale RED stacks.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feed Solution Temperature on the Power Output Performance of a Pilot-Scale Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) System with Different Intermediate Distance

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Mehdizadeh ◽  
Masahiro Yasukawa ◽  
Takakazu Abo ◽  
Masaya Kuno ◽  
Yuki Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis

Membrane-based reverse electrodialysis (RED) can convert the salinity gradient energy between two solutions into electric power without any environmental impact. Regarding the practical application of the RED process using natural seawater and river water, the RED performance depends on the climate (temperature). In this study, we have evaluated the effect of the feed solution temperature on the resulting RED performance using two types of pilot-scale RED stacks consisting of 200 cell pairs having a total effective membrane area of 40 m2 with different intermediate distances (200 µm and 600 µm). The temperature dependence of the resistance of the solution compartment and membrane, open circuit voltage (OCV), maximum gross power output, pumping energy, and subsequent net power output of the system was individually evaluated. Increasing the temperature shows a positive influence on all the factors studied, and interesting linear relationships were obtained in all the cases, which allowed us to provide simple empirical equations to predict the resulting performance. Furthermore, the temperature dependence was strongly affected by the experimental conditions, such as the flow rate and type of stack, especially in the case of the pilot-scale stack.

Potential ion exchange membranes and system performance in reverse electrodialysis for power generation: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gi Hong ◽  
Bopeng Zhang ◽  
Shira Glabman ◽  
Nigmet Uzal ◽  
Xiaomin Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis

scholarly journals The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yash Dharmendra Raka ◽  
Robert Bock ◽  
Håvard Karoliussen ◽  
Øivind Wilhelmsen ◽  
Odne Stokke Burheim
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Ohmic Resistance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Impact

The ohmic resistances of the anion and cation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that constitute a reverse electrodialysis system (RED) are of crucial importance for its performance. In this work, we study the influence of concentration (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M) of ammonium bicarbonate solutions on the ohmic resistances of ten commercial IEMs. We also studied the ohmic resistance at elevated temperature 313 K. Measurements have been performed with a direct two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. As the ohmic resistance of the IEMs depends linearly on the membrane thickness, we measured the impedance for three different layered thicknesses, and the results were normalised. To gauge the role of the membrane resistances in the use of RED for production of hydrogen by use of waste heat, we used a thermodynamic and an economic model to study the impact of the ohmic resistance of the IEMs on hydrogen production rate, waste heat required, thermochemical conversion efficiency and the levelised cost of hydrogen. The highest performance was achieved with a stack made of FAS30 and CSO Type IEMs, producing hydrogen at 8.48× 10−7 kg mmem−2s−1 with a waste heat requirement of 344 kWh kg−1 hydrogen. This yielded an operating efficiency of 9.7% and a levelised cost of 7.80 € kgH2−1.

scholarly journals The permselectivity and water transference number of ion exchange membranes in reverse electrodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 523 ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zlotorowicz ◽  
R.V. Strand ◽  
O.S. Burheim ◽  
Ø. Wilhelmsen ◽  
S. Kjelstrup
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis
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