scholarly journals The Impact of Chemical-Mechanical Ex Situ Aging on PFSA Membranes for Fuel Cells

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Mylène Robert ◽  
Assma El Kaddouri ◽  
Jean-Christophe Perrin ◽  
Kévin Mozet ◽  
Jérôme Dillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membrane ◽  
Fluoride Emission ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

A proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) constitutes today one of the preferred technologies to promote hydrogen-based alternative energies. However, the large-scale deployment of PEMFCs is still hampered by insufficient durability and reliability. In particular, the degradation of the polyelectrolyte membrane, caused by harsh mechanical and chemical stresses experienced during fuel cell operation, has been identified as one of the main factors restricting the PEMFC lifetime. An innovative chemical-mechanical ex situ aging device was developed to simultaneously expose the membrane to mechanical fatigue and an oxidizing environment (i.e., free radicals) in order to reproduce conditions close to those encountered in fuel cell systems. A cyclic compressive stress of 5 or 10 MPa was applied during several hours while a degrading solution (H2O2 or a Fenton solution) was circulated in contact with the membrane. The results demonstrated that both composite Nafion™ XL and non-reinforced Nafion™ NR211 membranes are significantly degraded by the conjoint mechanical and chemical stress exposure. The fluoride emission rate (FER) was generally slightly lower with XL than with NR211, which could be attributed to the degradation mitigation strategies developed for composite XL, except when the pressure level or the aging duration were increased, suggesting a limitation of the improved durability of XL.

Optimal Linear-Quadratic Integral Feedback Controller Design With Disturbance Rejection for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Milanovic ◽  
Verica Radisavljevic-Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Feed Forward Control ◽  
Augmented System ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents, a novel controller design technique that can be used for the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell to tackle the impact of the sudden stack current disturbances. The proposed controller design consists of three components: a full-state feedback control loop, an integral of error control loop and a feed-forward control loop. The feed-forward control loop is designed to ease the impact of the piecewise continuous current disturbance on the stack voltage. Linearized system matrices are set up in such a way that a new augmented system is formed. Controller gains are calculated by using a quadratic performance criterion which is minimized along the trajectories of the augmented system. Simulation results are presented and discussed.

A Parametric Study of Bipolar Plate Structural Parameters on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salar Imanmehr ◽  
Nader Pourmahmod
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the impact of structural parameters of bipolar plates on the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance has been investigated using numerical method, and this model incorporates all the essential fundamental physical and electrochemical processes occurring in the membrane electrolyte, cathode catalyst layer, electrode backing, and flow channel, with some assumptions in each part. In formulation of this model, the cell is assumed to work under steady state conditions. Also, since the thickness of the cell is negligible compared to other dimensions, one-dimensional and isothermal approximations are used. The structural parameters considered in this paper are: the width of channels (Wc), the width of support (Ws), the number of gas channels (ng), the height of channels (hc), and the height of supports (hp). The results show that structural parameters of bipolar plates have a great impact on outlet voltage in high current densities. Also, the number of gas channels, their surface area, the contacting area of bipolar plates, and electrodes have a great effect on the rate of reaction and consequently on outlet voltage. The model predictions have been compared with the existing experimental results available in the literature, and excellent agreement has been demonstrated between the model results and the experimental data for the cell polarization curve.

scholarly journals The Impact of Humidification Temperature on a 1 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 1661-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sveshnikova ◽  
Gioele Di Marcoberardino ◽  
Claudio Pirrone ◽  
Aldo Bischi ◽  
Gianluca Valenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

Polysulfone-based Ionomers for Fuel Cell Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Iojoiu ◽  
Jean-Yves Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

This paper is a review that is focused on ionomers based on aromatic polysulfone backbone and intended to be used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells or in direct methanol fuel cells. Emphasis is placed on the different chemical routes to prepare the ionomers. Special attention is given to the impact of the ionomer structure on the conductivity performance and on the dimensional stability of the membranes at high temperatures.

Design and Development of a Sheet Metal Plastic Backed Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Sharma ◽  
Mayank Gupta ◽  
Shaswat Anand ◽  
Naveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The high costs associated with fuel cell manufacturing have precluded its production on a large scale. The major emphasis of the present wok is to bring down the overall cost of an independent fuel cell unit. The manufacturing cost can be reduced using commonly available and corrosion resistant materials into the fuel cell assembly. Bipolar plates usually employed in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are fabricated from conducting graphite. Graphite owing to its conductivity, corrosion resistance and easy machinability, is the preferred material in static systems. However, due to its brittle characteristics and failure under bending loads, graphite is inferior in its mechanical properties as compared to metals and their alloys. Dimensional stability is also compromised due to wear and friction. In the present work, an attempt is made to assemble a fuel cell stack which would have durability and sustainability in dynamic conditions, where the setup would be able to withstand periodic shocks, vibrations, and fatigue loads. Instead of employing graphite as the bipolar plate which serves the dual purpose of a current collector and area for flow fields, graphite foil protected aluminum as the current collector and machined plastic slabs on which the flow fields are carved, have been employed. Both the substitutes are easily available owing to mass production and have a small processing cost associated with them. Further, the technique employed for processing of Nafion and hot pressing of the catalyst loaded gas diffusion layer onto the proton exchange membrane have been elaborated in the present paper along with the systematic approach followed by the research group eliminating various current collector candidates for fuel cell applications. The various stages attained towards the final fabrication of the foil protected lightweight current collector, has also been highlighted in the present work.

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