scholarly journals U–Pb Age Dating and Geochemistry of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structure-Bearing Late Cretaceous Volcano-Sedimentary Basins in the SW Korean Peninsula and their Tectonic Implications

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Kyoungtae Ko ◽  
Sung Won Kim ◽  
Yong Sik Gihm
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary basins and successions in the Korean Peninsula are located along NE-SW- and NNE-SSW-trending sinistral strike–slip fault systems. Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) of lacustrine sedimentary strata occur in the Wido, Buan, and Haenam areas of the southwestern Korean Peninsula. In this study, systematic geological, geochronological, and geochemical investigations of the volcanic-sedimentary successions were conducted to constrain the origin and timing of SSDS-bearing lacustrine strata. The SSDS-bearing strata is conformably underlain and overlain by volcanic rocks, and it contains much volcaniclastic sediment and is interbedded with tuffs. The studied SSDSs were interpreted to have formed by ground shaking during syndepositional earthquakes. U-Pb zircon ages of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks within the studied volcano-sedimentary successions were ca. 87–84 Ma, indicating that active volcanism was concurrent with lacustrine sedimentation. Geochemical characteristics indicate that these mostly rhyolitic rocks are similar to subduction-related calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from an active continental margin. This suggests that the SSDSs in the study area were formed by earthquakes related to proximal volcanic activity due to the oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate during the Late Cretaceous.

scholarly journals Paleoliquefaction Studies and the Evaluation of Seismic Hazard

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuttle ◽  
Hartleb ◽  
Wolf ◽  
Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Background Information ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Deformation Features ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

Recent and historical studies of earthquake-induced liquefaction, as well as paleoliquefaction studies, demonstrate the potential usefulness of liquefaction data in the assessment of the earthquake potential of seismic sources. Paleoliquefaction studies, along with other paleoseismology studies, supplement historical and instrumental seismicity and provide information about the long-term behavior of earthquake sources. Paleoliquefaction studies focus on soft-sediment deformation features, including sand blows and sand dikes, which result from strong ground shaking. Most paleoliquefaction studies have been conducted in intraplate geologic settings, but a few such studies have been carried out in interplate settings. Paleoliquefaction studies provide information about timing, location, magnitude, and recurrence of large paleoearthquakes, particularly those with moment magnitude, M, greater than 6 during the past 50,000 years. This review paper presents background information on earthquake-induced liquefaction and resulting soft-sediment deformation features that may be preserved in the geologic record, best practices used in paleoliquefaction studies, and application of paleoliquefaction data in earthquake source characterization. The paper concludes with two examples of regional paleoliquefaction studies—in the Charleston seismic zone and the New Madrid seismic zone in the southeastern and central United States, respectively—which contributed to seismic source models used in earthquake hazard assessment.

scholarly journals Tracking triggering mechanisms for soft-sediment deformation structures in the Late Cretaceous Uberaba Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Alessandretti ◽  
Lucas Veríssimo Warren ◽  
Maurício Guerreiro Martinho dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Carvalho Virga
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

3D soft-sediment deformation structures: evidence for Quaternary seismicity in the Madrid basin, Spain

Terra Nova ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Silva ◽  
J.C. Canaveras ◽  
S. Sanchez-Moral ◽  
J. Lario ◽  
E. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

Dead Sea shoreline facies with seismically-induced soft-sediment deformation structures, Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bowman ◽  
Dorit Banet-Davidovich ◽  
Hendrik J. Bruins ◽  
Johannes Van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation

scholarly journals Lacustrine Slope-Related Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Cretaceous Gyeokpori Formation, Buan Area, SW Korea, and Volcanism-Induced Seismic Shocks as Their Possible Trigger

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Ukhwan Byun ◽  
A.J. (Tom) van Loon ◽  
Kyoungtae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Cohesive Sediments ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Soft Sediment Deformation ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
Sediment Layers

The Gyeokpori Formation in the Buan volcanic area primarily contains siliciclastic rocks interbedded with volcanoclastics. These sediments are characterized by a variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS). The SSDS in the Gyeokpori Formation are embedded in poorly sorted conglomerates; slump folds are also present in the formation. The deformation mechanisms and triggers causing the deformation are not yet clear. In the present study, the trigger of the SSDS in the Gyeokpori Formation was investigated using facies analysis. This included evaluation of the reworking process of both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments. The analysis indicates that the SSDS are directly or indirectly associated with the alternation of conglomerates and mud layers with clasts. These layers underwent non-cohesive and cohesive deformation, respectively, which promoted SSDS formation. The slump folds were controlled by the extent of cohesive and non-cohesive deformation experienced by the sediment layers in the slope environment. The SSDS deformation style and morphology differ, particularly in the case of reworking by slump activity. This study contributes to the understanding of lacustrine slope-related soft-sediment deformation structures.

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