scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Routing Protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Core Characteristics

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) have attracted huge attention due to their significance in oceanic observation and exploration. They offer a vast number of applications, many of which require routing the sensed data to a centralized location. This makes routing an important part of the design of such applications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of recently proposed routing protocols for UWSNs. We evaluate the proposed schemes through an extensive set of parameters that define the core characteristics of a routing protocol. Moreover, we present a summary of the methods used by each scheme to familiarize readers with the basic operations of the schemes. We also present our view of the strengths and weakness of each scheme. For ease of description, the addressed routing protocols are divided into two categories: localization-based, and localization-free routing schemes. Each of the two categories is further divided into the protocols that consider node mobility, and those that do not. Lastly, we present our view on open research topics.

scholarly journals Routing Protocols in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks: A Quantitative Comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Han ◽  
Na Bao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Daqiang Zhang ◽  
Lei Shu
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Delivery ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Packets

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) have drawn great attention for their potential value in ocean monitoring and offshore exploration. In order to make the underwater application possible, the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic channels and continuous node movement inspired the emergence of routing protocols for underwater environment. In this paper, we introduce and compare four prominent routing protocols proposed for UASNs, namely, H2-DAB, GEDAR, E-PULRP, and PER. Performances of the routing protocols are evaluated in terms of the average number of control packets, end-to-end delay, data delivery ratio, and total energy consumption. The impact of water currents on the routing algorithms is also analyzed in our simulation. Experimental results demonstrate that E-PULRP provides high data delivery ratio at the cost of end-to-end delay. H2-DAB has better real-time performance for minimal delay transmission. GEDAR efficiently addresses the problem of void region without introducing extra energy. PER requires the most control packets in the process of routing establishment. Our work aims to provide useful insights to select appropriate routing protocols to fulfil different application requirements in UASNs.

Application Research on Aqua-Sim for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 1046-1049
Author(s):  
Tong Qing Liu ◽  
Guang Jie Han ◽  
Chuan Zhu ◽  
Chen Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Channels

In this paper, we present a simulator based on NS2 for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs), named Aqua-Sim, which simulates the attenuation of underwater acoustic channels and the collision behaviors effectively. In addition, Aqua-Sim supports 3D network deployment and provides some MAC and routing protocols. Through communication between two nodes and localization of unknown nodes, the application examples of Aqua-Sim are shown. We also present the graphical user interface of Aqua-3D using an example application.

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