scholarly journals IoT Sensor Networks in Smart Buildings: A Performance Assessment Using Queuing Models

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5660
Author(s):  
Brena Santos ◽  
André Soares ◽  
Tuan-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Dug-Ki Min ◽  
Jae-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Queuing Network ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Message Exchange

Smart buildings in big cities are now equipped with an internet of things (IoT) infrastructure to constantly monitor different aspects of people’s daily lives via IoT devices and sensor networks. The malfunction and low quality of service (QoS) of such devices and networks can severely cause property damage and perhaps loss of life. Therefore, it is important to quantify different metrics related to the operational performance of the systems that make up such computational architecture even in advance of the building construction. Previous studies used analytical models considering different aspects to assess the performance of building monitoring systems. However, some critical points are still missing in the literature, such as (i) analyzing the capacity of computational resources adequate to the data demand, (ii) representing the number of cores per machine, and (iii) the clustering of sensors by location. This work proposes a queuing network based message exchange architecture to evaluate the performance of an intelligent building infrastructure associated with multiple processing layers: edge and fog. We consider an architecture of a building that has several floors and several rooms in each of them, where all rooms are equipped with sensors and an edge device. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the model was performed using the Design of Experiments (DoE) method to identify bottlenecks in the proposal. A series of case studies were conducted based on the DoE results. The DoE results allowed us to conclude, for example, that the number of cores can have more impact on the response time than the number of nodes. Simulations of scenarios defined through DoE allow observing the behavior of the following metrics: average response time, resource utilization rate, flow rate, discard rate, and the number of messages in the system. Three scenarios were explored: (i) scenario A (varying the number of cores), (ii) scenario B (varying the number of fog nodes), and (iii) scenario C (varying the nodes and cores simultaneously). Depending on the number of resources (nodes or cores), the system can become so overloaded that no new requests are supported. The queuing network based message exchange architecture and the analyses carried out can help system designers optimize their computational architectures before building construction.

scholarly journals Energy-Aware Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Buildings: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Najem Naji ◽  
Mohamed Riduan Abid ◽  
Nissrine Krami ◽  
Driss Benhaddou
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Tightly Coupled

The design of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) requires the fulfillment of several design requirements. The most important one is optimizing the battery’s lifetime, which is tightly coupled to the sensor lifetime. End-users usually avoid replacing sensors’ batteries, especially in massive deployment scenarios like smart agriculture and smart buildings. To optimize battery lifetime, wireless sensor designers need to delineate and optimize active components at different levels of the sensor’s layered architecture, mainly, (1) the number of data sets being generated and processed at the application layer, (2) the size and the architecture of the operating systems (OS), (3) the networking layers’ protocols, and (4) the architecture of electronic components and duty cycling techniques. This paper reviews the different relevant technologies and investigates how they optimize energy consumption at each layer of the sensor’s architecture, e.g., hardware, operating system, application, and networking layer. This paper aims to make the researcher aware of the various optimization opportunities when designing WSN nodes. To our knowledge, there is no other work in the literature that reviews energy optimization of WSN in the context of Smart Energy-Efficient Buildings (SEEB) and from the formerly four listed perspectives to help in the design and implementation of optimal WSN for SEEB.

Leveraging existing sensor networks as IoT devices for smart buildings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Ramprasad ◽  
Jenn McArthur ◽  
Marios Fokaefs ◽  
Cornel Barna ◽  
Mark Damm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
Iot Devices

A Platform for Pervasive Building Monitoring Services Using Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 361-389
Author(s):  
Abolghasem (Hamid) Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Management Systems

At the core of pervasive computing model, small, low cost, robust, distributed, and networked processing devices are placed, which are thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as pervasive computing technology enablers in several field, including environmental monitoring and control. Using this technology as a pervasive computing approach, researchers have been trying to persuade people to be more aware of their environment and energy usage in the course of their every day life. WSNs have brought significant benefits as far as monitoring is concerned, since they are more efficient and flexible compared to wired sensor solutions. In this chapter, the authors propose a Service Oriented Architecture for developing an enterprise networking environment used for integrating enterprise level applications and building management systems with other operational enterprise services and functions for the information sharing and monitoring, controlling, and managing the enterprise environment. The WSN is viewed as an information service provider not only to building management systems but also to wider applications in the enterprise infrastructure. The authors also provide specification, implementation, and deployments of the proposed architecture and discuss the related tests, experimentations, and evaluations of the architecture.

scholarly journals A New Centralized Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Cuevas-Martinez ◽  
Antonio-Jesus Yuste-Delgado ◽  
Antonio-Jose Leon-Sanchez ◽  
Antonio-Jose Saez-Castillo ◽  
Alicia Triviño-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Fuzzy System ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Control Message ◽  
Message Exchange

Clustering is presently one of the main routing techniques employed in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. This paper describes a novel centralized unequal clustering method for wireless sensor networks. The goals of the algorithm are to prolong the network lifetime and increase the reliability of the network while not compromising the data transmission. In the proposed method, the Base Station decides on the cluster heads according to the best scores obtained from a Type-2 Fuzzy system. The input parameters of the fuzzy system are estimated by the base station or gathered from the network with a careful design that reduces the control message exchange. The whole network is controlled by the base station in a rounds-based schedule that alternates rounds when the base station elects cluster heads, with other rounds in which the cluster heads previously elected, gather data from their contributing nodes and forward them to the base station. The setting of the number of rounds in which the Base Station keeps the same set of cluster heads is another contribution of the present paper. The results show significant improvements achieved by the proposal when compared to other current clustering methods.

scholarly journals EOTS: An Energy-consumption Optimization-oriented Task Scheduling Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zeyu Sun ◽  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Chuanfeng Li ◽  
Yalin Nie
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>The mismatch of task scheduling results in rapid network energy consumption during data transmission in wireless sensor networks. To address this issue, the paper proposed an </strong><strong>E</strong><strong>nergy-consumption </strong><strong>O</strong><strong>ptimization-oriented </strong><strong>T</strong><strong>ask </strong><strong>S</strong><strong>cheduling </strong><strong>A</strong><strong>lgorithm (EOTS algorithm) which formally described the overall power dissipation in the network system. On this basis, a network model was built up such that both the idle energy consumption in sensor nodes and energy consumption during the execution of tasks were taken into account, with which the whole task was effectively decomposed into sub-task sequences. They underwent simulated annealing and iterative refinement, with the intention of improving sensor nodes’ utilization rate, reducing local idle energy cost, as well as cutting down the overall energy consumption accordingly. The experiment result shows that under the environment of multi-task operation, from the perspective of energy cost optimization, the proposed scheduling strategy recorded an increase of 21.24% compared with the FIFO algorithm, and an increase of 16.77% in comparison to the EMRSA algorithm; while in light of network lifetimes, the EOTS algorithm surpassed the ECTA algorithm by a gain of 19.21%. Therefore, the effectiveness of the proposed EOTS algorithm is verified.</strong></span></p>

scholarly journals ANN-Based Outlier Detection for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Buildings

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 95987-95997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Ke Yang ◽  
Shaoyi Li ◽  
Dishan Jing ◽  
Hai-Bao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Outlier Detection ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Smart Buildings

scholarly journals Method for Patching Three-Dimensional Surface Coverage Loopholes of Hybrid Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Zhanjun Hao ◽  
Hongwen Xu ◽  
Xiaochao Dang ◽  
Nanjiang Qu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Target sensing and information monitoring using wireless sensor networks have become an important research field. Based on two-dimensional plane research, information monitoring, and transmission for three-dimensional curved target events, due to the uneven deployment of nodes and failures in sensor networks, there are a lot of coverage loopholes in the network. In this paper, a method of detecting and repairing loopholes in monitoring the coverage of three-dimensional surface targets with hybrid nodes is proposed. In the target monitoring area where the hybrid nodes are randomly deployed, the three-dimensional surface cube is meshed, and the coverage loopholes are gradually detected according to the method of computational geometry, and then, the redundant mobile nodes around the coverage loopholes are selected. According to the calculated distance to cover the moving direction and distance of the loophole, the virtual force is used to adjust the mobile nodes to repair the coverage loopholes. Simulation results show that compared with other algorithms, this algorithm has a higher utilization rate of mobile nodes, uses fewer nodes to complete coverage, reduces network coverage costs, meets the overall network coverage requirements, and has lower mobile energy consumption and longer network life. The actual scene further verifies the good connectivity and high coverage of the whole network.

A Hybrid Multiple Parallel Queuing Model to Enhance QoS in Cloud Computing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Afzal ◽  
G. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Total Response Time ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
And Performance

Among the different QoS metrics and parameters considered in cloud computing are the waiting time of cloud tasks, execution time of tasks in VM's, and the utilization rate of servers. The proposed model was developed to overcome some of the pitfalls in the existing systems among which are sub-optimal markdown in the queue length, waiting time, response time, and server utilization rate. The proposed model contemplates on the enhancement of these metrics using a Hybrid Multiple Parallel Queuing approach with a joint implementation of M/M/1: ∞ and M/M/s: N/FCFS to achieve the desired objectives. A neoteric set of mathematical equations have been formulated to validate the efficiency and performance of the hybrid queuing model. The results have been validated with reference to the workload traces of Bit Brains infrastructure provider. The results obtained indicate the significant reduction in the queue length by 60.93 percent, waiting time in the queue by 73.85 percent, and total response time by 97.51%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document