Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Subtype H5N8 Virus Isolated from Mandarin Duck in South Korea, 2020

In October 2020, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 virus was identified from a fecal sample of a wild mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) in South Korea. We sequenced all eight genome segments of the virus, designated as A/Mandarin duck/Korea/K20-551-4/2020(H5N8), and conducted genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show that the hemagglutinin gene belongs to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B. All genes share high levels of nucleotide identity with H5N8 HPAI viruses identified from Europe during early 2020. Enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is needed to monitor the introduction and spread of HPAI via wild birds and to inform the design of improved prevention and control strategies.

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1438Dynamics of inter-farm transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza integrating vehicle movements and phylogenetic information

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dae-sung Yoo ◽

Chun Byung Chul

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Movement Restriction ◽

Phylogenetic Information ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), a zoonotic infectious disease, has been considered a severe threat to public health. The fundamental prevention and control strategy against HPAI includes minimizing the outbreaks of poultry holdings where the virus primarily spreads through animal trade and poultry production associated vehicle movement (PPVM). However, very few attempts have been made to elucidate the association between PPVM and HPAI transmission compared to studies on poultry trade. Therefore, our study aimed to elucidate the role of PPVM on HPAI transmission. Methods We performed network analysis using PPVM data based on a global positioning system (GPS), with phylogenetic information of the HPAI virus for reliable estimation. Moreover, the contribution of PPVM to HPAI infection was estimated by Bayesian inference. Results The network analysis revealed that the connection via PPVM between the same genetic group of infected premises (IPs) was more prevalent than that of different genotype IPs. Moreover, the similarity of farm poultry species and the overlapped integrators between inter-linked IPs was associated with potential transmission route formation. Additionally, the contribution of PPVM among phylogenetically clustered IPs was estimated to have 28.25% of HPAI infections in IPs on average. Conclusions HPAI control strategies including targeted movement restriction and standstill should be established against the HPAI transmission via PPVM. Key messages This is a solid and novel study depicting the need for combining epidemiological analysis with data regarding molecular epidemiology of pathogens.

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Phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus outbreak strains provides evidence for four separate introductions and one between-poultry farm transmission in the Netherlands, November 2014

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.26.21174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (26) ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

R J Bouwstra ◽

G Koch ◽

R Heutink ◽

F Harders ◽

A van der Spek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Binary File ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

H5n8 Virus

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus from Waterfowl, South Korea, 2014

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid2009.140390 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1587-1588 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Keun Bon Ku ◽

Eun Hye Park ◽

Jung Yum ◽

Ji An Kim ◽

Seung Kyoo Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

South Korea ◽

Influenza A ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

H5n8 Virus

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Multiple Reassortants of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in South Korea during the Winter of 2020–2021

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 490

Author(s):

Yoon-Gi Baek ◽

Yu-Na Lee ◽

Dong-Hun Lee ◽

Jae-in Shin ◽

Ji-Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

South Korea ◽

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Domestic Duck ◽

Avian Influenza Viruses ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽

Genetic Clusters

During October 2020–January 2021, we isolated a total of 67 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses from wild birds and outbreaks in poultry in South Korea. We sequenced the isolates and performed phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences to determine the origin, evolution, and spread patterns of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed that all the isolates belong to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B (2.3.4.4b) and form two distinct genetic clusters, G1 and G2. The cluster G1 was closely related to the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI viruses detected in Europe in early 2020, while the cluster G2 had a close genetic relationship with the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses that circulated in Europe in late 2020. A total of seven distinct genotypes were identified, including five novel reassortants carrying internal genes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Our Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis between host types suggests that the viruses initially disseminated from migratory waterfowl to domestic duck farms in South Korea. Subsequently, domestic duck farms most likely contributed to the transmission of HPAI viruses to chicken and minor poultry farms, highlighting the need for enhanced, high levels of biosecurity measures at domestic duck farms to effectively prevent the introduction and spread of HPAI.

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