scholarly journals Phylogeographic Genetic Diversity in the White Sucker Hepatitis B Virus across the Great Lakes Region and Alberta, Canada

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Adams ◽  
Vicki S. Blazer ◽  
Jim Sherry ◽  
Robert Scott Cornman ◽  
Luke R. Iwanowicz

Hepatitis B viruses belong to a family of circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a range of organisms, with host responses that vary from mild infection to chronic infection and cancer. The white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) was first described in the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), a freshwater teleost, and belongs to the genus Parahepadnavirus. At present, the host range of WSHBV and its impact on fish health are unknown, and neither genetic diversity nor association with fish health have been studied in any parahepadnavirus. Given the relevance of genomic diversity to disease outcome for the orthohepadnaviruses, we sought to characterize genomic variation in WSHBV and determine how it is structured among watersheds. We identified WSHBV-positive white sucker inhabiting tributaries of Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Erie (USA), and Lake Athabasca (Canada). Copy number in plasma and in liver tissue was estimated via qPCR. Templates from 27 virus-positive fish were amplified and sequenced using a primer-specific, circular long-range amplification method coupled with amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis of the WSHBV genome identified phylogeographical clustering reminiscent of that observed with human hepatitis B virus genotypes. Notably, most non-synonymous substitutions were found to cluster in the pre-S/spacer overlap region, which is relevant for both viral entry and replication. The observed predominance of p1/s3 mutations in this region is indicative of adaptive change in the polymerase open reading frame (ORF), while, at the same time, the surface ORF is under purifying selection. Although the levels of variation we observed do not meet the criteria used to define sub/genotypes of human and avian hepadnaviruses, we identified geographically associated genome variation in the pre-S and spacer domain sufficient to define five WSHBV haplotypes. This study of WSHBV genetic diversity should facilitate the development of molecular markers for future identification of genotypes and provide evidence in future investigations of possible differential disease outcomes.

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Fallahian ◽  
Farhad Zamani

2009 ◽  
Vol 170 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. van Ballegooijen ◽  
R. van Houdt ◽  
S. M. Bruisten ◽  
H. J. Boot ◽  
R. A. Coutinho ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (S1) ◽  
pp. S36-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Echevarría ◽  
Ana Avellón

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Barbini ◽  
Mercedes Elizalde ◽  
Carolina Torres ◽  
Rodolfo Campos

2016 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Lu ◽  
Juan Antonio Villa ◽  
Maureen J. Donlin ◽  
Tiffany C. Edwards ◽  
Xiaohong Cheng ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Noelia Mojsiejczuk ◽  
Carolina Torres ◽  
María Belén Pisano ◽  
Viviana Re ◽  
Rodolfo Héctor Campos ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng ◽  
Jieyu Ran ◽  
Yue-Mei Feng ◽  
Jing Miao ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
...  

Yunnan is considered to be a geographical hotspot for the introduction, mutation and recombination of several viruses in China. However, there are limited data regarding the genotypic profiles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in this region. In this study, we characterized 206 HBV strains isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients in Yunnan, China. Initial genotyping based on 1.5 kb sequences revealed that genotype C was the most prevalent at 52.4 % (108/206), followed by genotype B at 30.6 % (63/206) and unclassified genotypes at 17.0 % (35/206). To characterize the 35 unclassified strains, 32 complete HBV genomes were amplified and analysed; 17 isolates were classified within a known subgenotype, 8 were classified as B/C recombinants, 1 was classified as a B/I recombinant and 6 constituted a potentially novel C subgenotype that we designated as C17, based on the characteristics of a monophyletic cluster, >4 % genetic distances, no significant evidence of recombination and no epidemiological link among individuals. Thus, multiple subgenotypes – namely B1, B2, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, C8 and C17 – and two distinct intergenotypic recombinants exist in Yunnan, China, highlighting the complex and diverse distribution pattern of HBV genotypic profiles.


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