scholarly journals Vaccinations and Autoimmune Diseases

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Bianca Olivieri ◽  
Corrado Betterle ◽  
Giovanna Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Medicine ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adverse Event Following Immunization ◽  
Safety Surveillance ◽  
Flu Vaccine

Vaccines represent one of the most effective measures of public health medicine, saving countless lives and preventing lifelong disabilities. Vaccines are extremely safe, however, no vaccine is completely free from risks and adverse events can occur following vaccination. An adverse event following immunization (AEFI) may be a true adverse reaction caused by the vaccine or an event that temporally occurred after immunization but is not caused by it. Among the adverse reactions to vaccines, one of the most feared is the triggering of autoimmune diseases, which are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by dysregulation of the immune system. Currently, no mechanisms have been demonstrated that could explain the correlation between vaccination and the development of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, epidemiological studies do not support the hypothesis that vaccines cause systemic autoimmune diseases. The only confirmed associations, although very rare, are those between the flu vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, especially with old vaccine preparations, and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and thrombocytopenia. Due to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, new types of vaccines have been developed and are now available. Close vaccine safety-surveillance is currently underway for these new vaccines.

scholarly journals Rate of the occurrence of adverse events in preschool children after vaccination at the Health Care Center in Inđija

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Tanja Mitrović-Rožek ◽  
Vesna Petrović ◽  
Danilo Višnjevac
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Adverse Event Following Immunization ◽  
Dtp Vaccine ◽  
Severe Adverse Reactions

Introduction: An adverse event following immunization is any undesirable medical occurrence that follows immunization, and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of the vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of occurrence of adverse events in preschool children, after vaccination at the Primary Health Care Center in Inđija. Material and methods: Data were used from the medical and administrative documentation of the Pediatrics Department in Inđija. The study covered a period of 11 years and during this period 4,273 children were vaccinated, and 70,558 doses of vaccines were administered. Results: 13 cases of severe adverse reactions to a vaccine were registered, with a rate of 18.4:100,000 vaccine doses. There were 6 severe adverse reactions to the DTP vaccine per 8,180 administered doses of this vaccine, which was a rate of 73.3:100,000 doses of the DTP vaccine. There were 7 cases of severe adverse reactions to the MMR vaccine per 8,505 administered doses of the MMR vaccine, which was a rate of 82.3:100,000 doses of MMR vaccine. The overall rate of adverse reactions in the form of mumps was 47.0:100,000 doses of the MMR vaccine, in the form of rubella rash it was 11.7:100,000 doses of the MMR vaccine and the rate of adverse allergic reactions to the MMR vaccine was 23.5:100,000 doses of the MMR vaccine. According to our results, there were two cases of adverse reactions in the form of allergic reaction, to all vaccines administered, which was the rate of 3:100,000. Conclusion: This study confirms the very rare occurrence of severe adverse reactions to vaccination and speaks in favor of a far greater benefit from vaccination as compared to the risk of an adverse reaction to vaccination.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

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