scholarly journals The Clinical Relevance of the Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Dillon Mintoff ◽  
Isabella Borg ◽  
Nikolai Paul Pace
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The name of the condition is a testament to the presumed relationship between the disease and the microbiome. The pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa is, however, complex and believed to be the product of a multifactorial interplay between the interfollicular epithelium, pilosebaceous unit, microbiome, as well as genetic and environmental factors. In this review we assimilate the existing literature regarding the role played by the human microbiome in HS in various contexts of the disease, including the pathophysiologic, therapeutic, and potentially, diagnostic as well prognostic. In conclusion, the role played by the microbiome in HS is extensive and relevant and can have bench-to-bedside applications.

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Janine Lam ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Gillian Dite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

scholarly journals Aetiological Influences on Stability and Change in Emotional and Behavioural Problems across Development: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol a4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hannigan ◽  
N. Walaker ◽  
M.A. Waszczuk ◽  
T.A. McAdams ◽  
T.C. Eley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Problems ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Emotional and behavioural problems in childhood and adolescence can be chronic and are predictive of future psychiatric problems. Understanding what factors drive the development and maintenance of these problems is therefore crucial. Longitudinal behavioural genetic studies using twin, sibling or adoption data can be used to explore the developmental aetiology of stability and change in childhood and adolescent psychopathology. We present a systematic review of longitudinal, behavioural genetic analyses of emotional and behavioural problems between ages 0 to 18 years. We identified 58 studies, of which 19 examined emotional problems, 30 examined behavioural problems, and 9 examined both. In the majority of studies, stability in emotional and behavioural problems was primarily genetically influenced. Stable environmental factors were also widely found, although these typically played a smaller role. Both genetic and environmental factors were involved in change across development. We discuss the findings in the context of the wider developmental literature and make recommendations for future research.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

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