A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Fractional CO2 Laser vs Microdermabrasion in Treatment of Acne Scars (Total 100 Patients)

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common disease affecting pilosebaceous unit that can lead to significant scarring. Fractional CO2 Laser and microdermabrasion are effective non-surgical treatment modalities for acne scars. Aims and objectives: To study and compare the efficacy of fractional CO2 Laser and microdermabrasion therapy in acne scars. Material and methods: Total 100 patients were selected in our study. 50 patients were allotted into each group. Scar grading assessment was done by Goodman and Baron qualitative scar grading system. Result: 50 patients were taken in each group. There was a significant improvement in grading of acne scars at the end of 6months of treatment. On comparison of fractional CO2 Laser with microdermabrasion, p-value was <0.05 that is significant. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 Laser showed better improvement in grading of acne scars then microdermabrasion, though none of these treatments are 100% effective in treating acne scars. Keywords: Acne scars, fractional CO2 laser, microdermabrasion, Goodman and baron grading.

Circulating Antibodies to Skin Bacteria Detected by Serological Lateral Flow Immunoassays Differentially Correlated With Bacterial Abundance

The serological lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was used to detect circulating antibodies to skin bacteria. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome revealed a high relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes but low abundance of Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium aurimucosum on human facial samples. Yet, results from both LFIA and antibody titer quantification in 96-well microplates illustrated antibody titers that were not correspondent, and instead negatively correlated, to their respective abundance with human blood containing higher concentrations of antibodies to both S. aureus and C. aurimucosum than C. acnes. Acne vulgaris develops several unique microbial and cellular features, but its correlation with circulating antibodies to bacteria in the pilosebaceous unit remains unknown. Results here revealed that antibodies to C. acnes and S. aureus were approximately 3-fold higher and 1.5-fold lower, respectively, in acne patients than in healthy subjects. Although the results can be further validated by larger sample sizes, the proof-of-concept study demonstrates a newfound discrepancy between the abundance of skin bacteria and amounts of their corresponding antibodies. And in light of acne-correlated amplified titers of specific anticommensal antibodies, we highlight that profiling these antibodies in the pilosebaceous unit by LFIAs may provide a unique signature for monitoring acne vulgaris.

The Clinical Relevance of the Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The name of the condition is a testament to the presumed relationship between the disease and the microbiome. The pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa is, however, complex and believed to be the product of a multifactorial interplay between the interfollicular epithelium, pilosebaceous unit, microbiome, as well as genetic and environmental factors. In this review we assimilate the existing literature regarding the role played by the human microbiome in HS in various contexts of the disease, including the pathophysiologic, therapeutic, and potentially, diagnostic as well prognostic. In conclusion, the role played by the microbiome in HS is extensive and relevant and can have bench-to-bedside applications.

A comparative study of topical retinoids tretinoin-0.04% and adapalene - 0.1% in acne grade 1 and grade 2

Acne is a chronic, self-limiting inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit. It is multifactorial, of which Propioniobacterium acne and Sebum play an important role in etiopathogenesis.The aim of the study is to compare efficacy of Tretinoin and Adapalene in Acne Vulgaris and to compare the side effects of topical tretinoin and adapalene.Randomized prospective comparative clinical trial with sample size of 50 patients who are recruited from department of dermatology of MMCH&RI.Adapalene 0. 1% produced numerically greater lesion reduction than tretinoin 0. 04% for all lesion types. Thus, Adapalene was found superior to Tretinoin in reducing average number of lesions. Highest reduction in number of lesions with both topical retinoids was for comedones (p&#60; 0. 001) followed by papules (p&#60;0. 00) and pustule (p= 0.001).In Patients who applied adapalene, most of them were reduced to grade 0 and grade I and only few were in grade II. Whereas in patients who applied tretinoin only few were reduced to grade 0 and many were in grade I and grade II. Side effects were more commonly seen in patient treated with topical Tretinoin than with topical Adapalene. Adapalene was better tolerated than tretinoin. Hence adapalene is a safe and effective in treatment of acne.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF 12 % GLYCOLIC ACID CREAM AND 10% AZELAIC ACID CREAM IN THE TREATMENT OF POST ACNE HYPERPIGMENTATION.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that is associated with significant psychosocial repercussions. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a most common complication seen after post acne. Therapeutic goal of treatment include promoting degradation of melanosomes and inhibiting their formation. Patient treated with Azelaic acid / Glycolic acid experienced of significant greater reduction in number of inflammatory lesions. This study focuses on the comparison of efficacy of 12% Glycolic acid and 10% Azelaic acid in treating post acne hyperpigmentation.

Epigenomic profiling of stem cells within the pilosebaceous unit identifies PRDM16 as a regulator of sebaceous gland homeostasis

The epidermis consists of different compartments such as the hair follicle (HF), sebaceous gland (SG) and interfollicular epidermis (IFE), each containing distinct stem cell (SC) populations. However, with the exception of the SCs residing within the HF bulge, other epidermal SC populations remain less well understood. Here we used an epigenomic strategy that combines H3K27me3 ChIP-seq and RNA-seq profiling to identify major regulators of pilosebaceous unit (PSU) SC located outside the bulge. When applied to the bulk of PSU SC isolated from mouse skin our approach identified both previously known and potentially novel non-bulge PSU SC regulators. Among the latter, we found that PRDM16 was predominantly enriched within the Junctional Zone (JZ), which harbors SC that contribute to renewal of the upper HF and the SG. To investigate PRDM16 function in the PSU SC, we generated an epidermal-specific Prdm16 Knock-out mouse model (K14-Cre-Prdm16fl/fl). Notably, SG homeostasis was disturbed upon loss of PRDM16 resulting in enlarged SGs, and excessive sebum production, resembling some of the features associated with human acne and sebaceous hyperplasia. Importantly, PRDM16 is essential to shut down proliferation in differentiating sebocytes. Overall, our study provides a list of putative novel regulators of PSU SC outside the bulge and identifies PRDM16 as a major regulator of SG homeostasis.