scholarly journals Field Chemical Immobilization of Free-Ranging Crested Porcupines with Zoletil®: A Reviewed Dosage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Enrico D’Addio ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Antonio Felicioli
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Free Ranging

The tiletamine-zolazepam mixture is a widely used anesthetic for chemical immobilization of wild mammals due to its short induction time, good muscle relaxation, smooth recovery with low convulsions occurrence, and minimal effect on respiration. An injection dose of 7–8 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam has been proven to be an effective and safe immobilizing mixture for crested porcupines under field conditions. However, the occurrence of long immobilization and recovery times, with high excitement and convulsion during awakening, were recorded. In order to reduce such side effects after recovery, the effectiveness of a lower dosage (4–6 mg/kg) of tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil®) was tested. The results obtained confirm that the use of tiletamine-zolazepam in crested porcupine immobilization provides a quick induction, wide safety margin, and predictable awakening under field conditions. A smaller injection dosage of 5 mg/kg has been proven to be sufficient to ensure a short induction time (average: 7.1 min), with good muscle relaxation and little excitement of the animals during awakening. The lower dosage of tiletamine-zolazepam, while providing a shorter recovery time (average: 53.6 min), proves to be adequate for standard handling procedures. Furthermore, the smaller amount of tiletamine-zolazepam also ensures safe immobilization for pregnant individuals and porcupettes.

scholarly journals Anaesthetic effects of various ratios of ketamine and xylazine in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise F. Naccarato ◽  
William S. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Anaesthetic Induction ◽  
Recovery Times

Intramuscular injection of selected ratios of ketamine and xylazine provided smooth anaesthetic induction, a wide safety margin, and no significant undesirable side effects. Induction and recovery times, duration of anaesthesia, and thermoregulatory ability can be affected by different combinations of ketamine and xylazine. The addition of xylazine to ketamine increases muscle relaxation, recovery time, and duration of anaesthesia, while generally decreasing induction time and thermoregulatory ability.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of gemsbok (Oryx gazella) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grobler ◽  
M. Bush ◽  
D. Jessup ◽  
W. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Adequate Oxygenation

An effective anaesthesia protocol was developed for adult free-ranging gemsbok (Oryx gazella) using a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine. Ashort induction time; good muscle relaxation, adequate oxygenation and stable heart rate and respiration rate characterised this anaesthetic regime. Equal doses of A3080 and medetomidine (22-45 µg/kg) plus 200 mg of ketamine were administered to each animal. The anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by intramuscular naltrexone at a dose of X = 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/kg and atipamezole at a dose X±90 ±20 µg/kg. No mortality or morbidity occurred with this protocol.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Elk, Cervus elaphus, with Telezol and Xylazine and Reversal with Tolazine or Yohimbine

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Rosatte
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Free Ranging

During January 2003 and March 2005, a Telazol®/xylazine mixture was used to immobilize 4 free-ranging Elk in Ontario, Canada. A dosage of 3.3-3.6 mg/kg of Telazol® and 1.7-2.0 mg/kg of xylazine proved to be effective for the rapid immobilization of Elk. Induction time for those dosages was as short as 3-4 minutes. The advantage of using Telazol® is that only small volumes (3-4 ml) are needed to immobilize Elk-sized animals. In addition, Tolazine® and yohimbine both proved to be effective antagonists for xylazine with recovery times of 8 to 15 minutes when administered at dosages of 3.3-3.6 and 0.08-0.14 mg/kg, respectively. The use of oxygen proved to be effective for treatment of hyoxemia in Elk immobilized with a Telazol®/xylazine mixture. The immobilization procedures and the drug and antagonist dosage information will be useful to researchers planning to capture free-ranging Elk for activities such as radio-collaring and blood sampling.

Chemical Immobilization of Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama): Effect of Needle Length on Induction Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika A. Bergvall ◽  
Petter Kjellander ◽  
Per Ahlqvist ◽  
Örjan Johansson ◽  
Kent Sköld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Blessing the rains down in Africa: spatiotemporal behaviour of the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the rainy and dry seasons, in the African savannah

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Viviano ◽  
Giovanni Amori ◽  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
Horst Oebel ◽  
Farid Bahleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Hystrix Cristata ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Birth Peak

The assessment of habitat selection and temporal patterns of activity rhythms is paramount for wildlife conservation. Studies on behavioural ecology of wild mammals are particularly challenging in tropical areas, mostly when involving rare or elusive species. Despite being a common species in Italy, the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata is threatened of extinction throughout most of its sub-Saharan range. All available information on the ecology of this species has been collected in Italy, whereas no data is present in the scientific literature on spatiotemporal behaviour of this large rodent in Africa. In this work, we attempted to determine habitat selection and temporal patterns of activity rhythms of the crested porcupine in northern Benin and neighbouring countries, through intensive camera-trapping. We collected a total of 146 records of crested porcupine, 91 in the dry season (October-March) and 55 in the rainy season (April-September). Porcupines used most habitats in proportion to their local availability, while selecting rock outcrop formations (possibly used as shelter sites) and avoiding open areas, wetlands and gallery forests. A mostly nocturnal behaviour was confirmed throughout the year, with some diurnal activity at the start and at the end of the rainy season. The importance of rains in determining birth peak has been also showed, with juvenile individuals always observed at the start and at the end of the rainy season. Full moon always inhibited activity of this large rodent, most likely evolved as an antipredatory behaviour to limit encounters with potential predators (common leopard Panthera pardus, spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta and honey badger Mellivora capensis) and humans. Poaching pressure towards porcupines in West Africa is strong. Porcupines are killed for the traditional medicine, for their meat and because they are widely considered as a crop pest. This assessment should therefore be used as a basic tool to design conservation plans to preserve this rodent species in its native range.

scholarly journals Chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) with two anesthetic protocols: medetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1892-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando NÁJERA ◽  
Andrew J. HEARN ◽  
Joanna ROSS ◽  
Diana A. RAMÍREZ SALDIVAR ◽  
Meaghan N. EVANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Free Ranging

Understanding margins of safe capture, chemical immobilization, and handling of free-ranging white-tailed deer

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. DelGiudice ◽  
Barry A. Sampson ◽  
David W. Kuehn ◽  
Michelle Carstensen Powell ◽  
John Fieberg
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of nyala (Tragelaphus angasi) with a combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine and ketamine

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Cooper ◽  
D. Grobler ◽  
M. Bush ◽  
D. Jessup ◽  
W. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Naltrexone Hydrochloride ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Free Ranging

A combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) and ketamine hydrochloride (KET) was evaluated in 19 boma-habituated (12 female and 7 males) and 9 free-ranging nyala (7 male and 2 females) (Tragelaphus angasi) to develop a safe and reliable anaesthesia protocol. Wide dosages were used safely during this study with ranges for A3080 of 45 + 8 mg/kg with MED of 69 + 19 mg/kg and KET of 3.7 + 1.0 mg/kg (200 mg/ animal). The dosages developed on boma-habituated nyala proved to be equally effective in 9 adult free-ranging nyala (7 males and 2 females). The optimum dosage for nyala was a combination of A3080 (40-50 mg/kg), MED (60-80 mg/kg) plus 200 mg of KET/animal. The anaesthesia was characterised by a short induction, good muscle relaxation and mild hypoxaemia during monitoring the anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by naltrexone hydrochloride (30mg/mgof A3080) and atipamezole hydrochloride (5mg/mg of MED) given intramuscularly. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with this protocol.

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