scholarly journals Anaesthesia of nyala (Tragelaphus angasi) with a combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine and ketamine

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Cooper ◽  
D. Grobler ◽  
M. Bush ◽  
D. Jessup ◽  
W. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Naltrexone Hydrochloride ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Free Ranging

A combination of thiafentanil (A3080), medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) and ketamine hydrochloride (KET) was evaluated in 19 boma-habituated (12 female and 7 males) and 9 free-ranging nyala (7 male and 2 females) (Tragelaphus angasi) to develop a safe and reliable anaesthesia protocol. Wide dosages were used safely during this study with ranges for A3080 of 45 + 8 mg/kg with MED of 69 + 19 mg/kg and KET of 3.7 + 1.0 mg/kg (200 mg/ animal). The dosages developed on boma-habituated nyala proved to be equally effective in 9 adult free-ranging nyala (7 males and 2 females). The optimum dosage for nyala was a combination of A3080 (40-50 mg/kg), MED (60-80 mg/kg) plus 200 mg of KET/animal. The anaesthesia was characterised by a short induction, good muscle relaxation and mild hypoxaemia during monitoring the anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by naltrexone hydrochloride (30mg/mgof A3080) and atipamezole hydrochloride (5mg/mg of MED) given intramuscularly. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with this protocol.

scholarly journals Immobilisation of impala (Aepyceros melampus) with a ketamine hydrochloride / medetomidine hydrochloride combination, and reversal with atipamezole hydrochloride

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bush ◽  
J.P. Raath ◽  
L.G. Phillips ◽  
W. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Conspecific Aggression ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

A combination of medetomidine hydrochloride (medetomidine) and ketamine hydrochloride (ketamine) was evaluated in 16 boma-confined and 19 free-ranging impalas (Aepyceros melampus) to develop a non-opiate immobilisation protocol. In free-ranging impala a dose of 220 + 34 mg/kg medetomidine and 4.4 + 0.7 mg/kg ketamine combined with 7500 IU of hyaluronidase induced recumbency within 4.5+1.5 min, with good muscle relaxation, a stable heart rate and blood pH. PaCO2 was maintained within acceptable ranges. The animals were hypoxic with reduced oxygen saturation and low PaO2 in the presence of an elevated respiration rate, therefore methods for respiratory support are indicated. The depth of sedation was adequate for minor manipulations but additional anaesthesia is indicated for painful manipulations. Immobilisation was reversed by 467 + 108 mg/kg atipamezole hydrochloride (atipamezole) intramuscularly, but re-sedation was observed several hours later, possibly due to a low atipamezole:medetomidine ratio of 2:1. Therefore, this immobilisation and reversal protocol would subject impalas to possible predation or conspecific aggression following reversal if they were released into the wild. If the protocol is used on free-ranging impala, an atipamezole:medetomidine ratio of 5:1 should probably be used to prevent re-sedation.

scholarly journals Field Chemical Immobilization of Free-Ranging Crested Porcupines with Zoletil®: A Reviewed Dosage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Enrico D’Addio ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Antonio Felicioli
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Crested Porcupine ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Free Ranging

The tiletamine-zolazepam mixture is a widely used anesthetic for chemical immobilization of wild mammals due to its short induction time, good muscle relaxation, smooth recovery with low convulsions occurrence, and minimal effect on respiration. An injection dose of 7–8 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam has been proven to be an effective and safe immobilizing mixture for crested porcupines under field conditions. However, the occurrence of long immobilization and recovery times, with high excitement and convulsion during awakening, were recorded. In order to reduce such side effects after recovery, the effectiveness of a lower dosage (4–6 mg/kg) of tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil®) was tested. The results obtained confirm that the use of tiletamine-zolazepam in crested porcupine immobilization provides a quick induction, wide safety margin, and predictable awakening under field conditions. A smaller injection dosage of 5 mg/kg has been proven to be sufficient to ensure a short induction time (average: 7.1 min), with good muscle relaxation and little excitement of the animals during awakening. The lower dosage of tiletamine-zolazepam, while providing a shorter recovery time (average: 53.6 min), proves to be adequate for standard handling procedures. Furthermore, the smaller amount of tiletamine-zolazepam also ensures safe immobilization for pregnant individuals and porcupettes.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia of gemsbok (Oryx gazella) with a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grobler ◽  
M. Bush ◽  
D. Jessup ◽  
W. Lance
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Adequate Oxygenation

An effective anaesthesia protocol was developed for adult free-ranging gemsbok (Oryx gazella) using a combination of A3080, medetomidine and ketamine. Ashort induction time; good muscle relaxation, adequate oxygenation and stable heart rate and respiration rate characterised this anaesthetic regime. Equal doses of A3080 and medetomidine (22-45 µg/kg) plus 200 mg of ketamine were administered to each animal. The anaesthesia was rapidly and completely reversed by intramuscular naltrexone at a dose of X = 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/kg and atipamezole at a dose X±90 ±20 µg/kg. No mortality or morbidity occurred with this protocol.

Evaluation of general anaesthesia by using Propionylpromazine, Xylazine and Ketamine in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
M. J. Eesa
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Righting Reflex ◽  
Zero Time

Safe and effective anaesthetic regimens have been described for use in rabbits,partially because of the susceptibility of this species to fatal respiratory arrest. Thepresent study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anesthetics, analgesicscombinations an anesthesia in twenty five local breed rabbits. Rabbits were injectedintramuscularly by: Propionylpromazine 0.5mg/kg B.W. as premedictation, after10minutes later Xylazine and Ketamine Hydrochloride at a dose of 20mg/kg,50mg/kg respectively. The results of the physiological parameters of the controlgroup at the period of zero time concerning rectal body temperature, respiratory rate,heart rate were 38.00±0.29 ºC; 96.36 ±3.33bpm; and 147.20±6.46/minutesrespectively. While in treated group at the periods 10, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80 and 95minutes were 37.76 ±0.61; 37.34± 0.28; 37.00± 0.29; 37.00±0.35; 36.92±0.38;35.80±0.40; 34.92± 0.53 ºC; 96.36±3.33; 41.00±1.37; 45.00±2.01; 45±2.01;40.00±1.31; 40.00±1.31; 39.20±1.01 bpm; and 147.20±6.46; 142.00±3.73;145.00±3.26; 144.48±3.31; 130.00±4.18; 140.00±3.49; 138.68 ±2.93 beats/minutes.The results of biochemical tests: Glucose, ALP, GPT, GOT in control group (zerotime) were: (137.40±1.97 mg/dl; 53.09±2.13 U/L; 51.48±4.31 U/L; 116.9±09.82U/L) respectively. And in treated group at the periods (10, 20, 35, 50, 65, 95 minutesand 24 hours) respectively were 139.60±0.79; 207.60±5.00; 222.20±7.42;359.20;±18.89; 341.60±15.30; 337.7±76.39 and 199.92±9.14 mg/dl; 39.74±2.74;42.55±3.29; 39.65±4.13; 42.48±2.62; 56.56±2.16; 47.41±3.61 and 42.84±4.16 U/L;46.17±3.92 ; 39.34±3.01; 44.69±3.05; 49.98±3.16; 51.65±4.03; 47.22±2.54 and72.63±4.98 U/L, and 94.72±8.24; 86.22±5.59; 90.82±6.89; 76.65±4.12; 82.70±4.69;100.6±7.39 and 126.6±7.77 U/L. The conclusion of this study investigate that thelose of righting reflex was 4.760±0.421 minutes; induction time was 8.44±1.05, thetime to complete muscle relaxation was 3.920±0.321 minutes, surgical time41.48±2.11 minutes, and recovery time was 45.76±2.43 minutes; in which thesurgical period was enough for the most of surgical interference, while the recoveryperiod was smooth and short in comparison with another anaesthetic regimen

REVERSAL BY TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE OF XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE–KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMMOBILIZATIONS IN FREE-RANGING DESERT MULE DEER

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. DelGiudice ◽  
Paul R. Krausman ◽  
Elizabeth S. Bellantoni ◽  
Richard C. Etchberger ◽  
Ulysses S. Seal
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Free Ranging

Behavioural Responses of Agile Wallabies (Macropus agilis) to Darting and lmmobilisation with Tiletamine Hydrochloride and Zolazepam Hydrochloride

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Stirrat
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Forest Boundary ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

A total of 28 free-ranging agile wallabies (Macropus agilis) was immobilised with a combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride. The drug was administered by projectile syringe fired from a gas-powered pistol. A dose of approximately 10 mg per kg body mass produced ataxia in 3.8 ± 0.4 min (mean ± s.e.), initial recumbency in 4.9 ± 0.5 min, and lateral recumbency in 7.9 ± 0.7 min after dart impact. Wallabies were calm throughout handling, showed good muscle relaxation and started to regain consciousness after 53 ± 3 min. Recovery of mobility took more than 240 min and appeared uneventful. Wallabies moved 41 ± 5 m after dart impact, after which they either groomed or fed until the drug took effect. Five wallabies sought shelter in nearby forest after darting and these were found 11 ± 3 m inside the forest boundary.

scholarly journals Chemical capture of free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) with medetomidine-ketamine

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Arnemo ◽  
T. Negard ◽  
N.E. Søli
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Free Ranging

Seventeen free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) (12 calves and 5 yearling hinds) were immobilized with a combination of medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) and ketamine hydrochloride (KET) in winter (January-March). Immobilizations were performed with plastic projectile syringes fired from a dart gun. Mean (SD) doses of 0.147 (0.024) mg MED/kg and 2.5 (0.4) mg KET/kg induced recumbency in 5.0 (2.0) minutes in the calves and all of them were completely immobilized. The initial doses in the yearling hinds were 0.099 (0.016) mg MED/kg and 1.9 (0.2) mg KET/kg but three of them required addirional dosing for induction of reliable restraint. The distance covered by the animals between darting and recumbency ranged from 40-250 m for calves and 100-300 m for yearling hinds. The animals were translocated to deer farms for breeding purposes and were given 12.5-25.0 mg of atipamezole hydrochloride before transportation. All animals recovered completely. Haematological and serum biochemical comparisons between free-ranging calves immobilized with medetomidine-ketamine (n=3) and captive unmedicated calves (n=4) showed that chemical capture induce very little stress in red deer.

scholarly journals Reversible anaesthesia of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fahlman ◽  
A. Loveridge ◽  
C. Wenham ◽  
C. Foggin ◽  
J.M. Arnemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Free Ranging

The combination of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine with subsequent antagonism by atipamezole was evaluated for reversible anaesthesia of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo). Twenty-one anaesthetic events of 17 free-ranging lions (5 males and 12 females, body weight 105-211 kg) were studied in Zimbabwe. Medetomidine at 0.027-0.055 mg / kg (total dose 4-11 mg) and zolazepam-tiletamine at 0.38-1.32 mg / kg (total dose 50-275 mg) were administered i.m. by dart injection. The doses were gradually decreased to improve recovery. Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and relative haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded every 15 min. Arterial blood samples were collected from 5 lions for analysis of blood gases and acid-base status. For anaesthetic reversal, atipamezole was administered i.m. at 2.5 or 5 times the medetomidine dose. Induction was smooth and all lions were anaesthetised with good muscle relaxation within 3.4-9.5 min after darting. The predictable working time was a minimum of 1 h and no additional drug doses were needed. Respiratory and heart rates and SpO2 were stable throughout anaesthesia, whereas rectal temperature changed significantly over time. Atipamezole at 2.5 times the medetomidine dose was sufficient for reversal and recoveries were smooth and calm in all lions independent of the atipamezole dose. First sign of recovery was observed 3-27 min after reversal. The animals were up walking 8-26 min after reversal when zolazepamtiletamine doses <1 mg / kg were used. In practice, a total dose of 6 mg medetomidine and 80 mg zolazepam-tiletamine and reversal with 15 mg atipamezole can be used for either sex of an adult or subadult lion. The drugs and doses used in this study provided a reliable, safe and reversible anaesthesia protocol for free-ranging lions.

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