Pressurized seawater as an antifouling treatment against the colonial tunicates Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri in mussel aquaculture

Abstract LeGresley, M. M., Martin, J. L., McCurdy, P., Thorpe, B., and Chang, B. D. 2008. Non-indigenous tunicate species in the Bay of Fundy, eastern Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 770–774. The frequency of fouling tunicates is increasing in Atlantic Canada and along the New England coast of the US. Canadian shellfish industries in the Gulf of St Lawrence and along the south shore of Nova Scotia have been affected by the heavy infestation of fouling tunicates. Because little research on tunicates has been conducted in the Bay of Fundy, a Canadian monitoring programme was established to look for the non-indigenous tunicates Ciona intestinalis, Botryllus schlosseri, Didemnum sp. A, Botrylloides violaceus, and Styela clava, in southwest New Brunswick. Collectors were deployed at 11 stations in May/June 2006. Some were retrieved in August 2006; others remained until November of the same year. Ciona intestinalis had established at three survey sites, St Andrews Harbour, St Andrews Biological Station, and Fairhaven, Deer Island, but the heaviest infestation was in the Lime Kiln Bay–Charlie Cove area. The greatest settlement of B. schlosseri was at the Dipper Harbour site, with minimal settlements in St Andrews Harbour and Harbour de Loutre. The other species of interest were not detected during the survey.

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Effects of temperature on growth rates of colonial ascidians: A comparison of Didemnum sp. to Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.036 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 342 (1) ◽

pp. 172-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anna McCarthy ◽

Richard W. Osman ◽

Robert B. Whitlatch

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Botryllus Schlosseri ◽

Botrylloides Violaceus ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Colonial Ascidians

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The Development and Growth of Ciona

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400013825 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 616-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

N. J. Berrill

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Digestive System ◽

Ciona Intestinalis ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

General Interest ◽

Botryllus Schlosseri ◽

Developmental Studies ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Artificial Fertilization ◽

Sexually Mature

Ciona intestinalis (L.) is probably the most cosmopolitan species of ascidians and has long been of general interest. The adult morphology has been well described in monographic form by Roule (1884), the physiology of the heart and circulation by Heine (1902), Enriques (1904) and Wolf (1932), of the nervous system by Magnus (1902), Hecht (1918, 1926), Cate (1928), Haffner (1933), and Bacq & Florkin (1935), and of the digestive system by Yonge (1925). Developmental studies include that of the early embryology by Conklin (1905), problems of fertilization by Morgan (1945) and Damas (1899,1900). In no work, however, has there been a presentation of the entire Ciona organism from the tadpole stage through the critical post-larval stages to the young cionid ascidian. The present account portrays this period of development, together with a discussion of some significant but relatively obscure aspects of adult structure.Eggs and theRearing ofCiona intestinalisWhile ascidians in general are difficult to rear to maturity under laboratory conditions, Ciona is relatively easy, and together with Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas) and Diplosoma gelatinosum (M.-Edw.) is liable to appear more or less spontaneously in large aquaria into which tadpoles may have been brought. Artificial fertilization is readily accomplished, and at almost any time of the year, since Ciona is sexually mature above a certain size and reproduction is seasonal only to the extent of the rhythm of the growth cycle. Normally eggs are set free spontaneously at dawn, although individuals kept in the laboratory may accumulate eggs and the oviduct become swollen.

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