Error of installation of a prismatic workpiece in the vise
The article analyzes the reasons why the workpiece is raised above the horizontal plane when it is fixed in the machine vise. The study is related to both the design of the device and the shape of the positioning of the workpiece surfaces. Five cases of the positioning of the side surfaces of the workpiece when fixed in a vise are considered. The role of backlash in the design of the machine vise in the installation error is determined. The values, by which the workpiece can rise after applying the tightening force in the case of errors in the shape of the workpiece and in the case of backlash in the design of the vise, are obtained. The values, by which the workpiece is raised, provided that there are no backlashes in the vise, are found when considering the tolerances for the positioning of surfaces depending on the method of cutting rolled products and the tolerances for the positioning of surfaces depending on the accuracy of rolled products. In addition, the values by which the workpiece is raised, provided that the workpiece does not have errors in the positioning of surfaces, taking into account the dimensional parameters of the slide bar and the guide of the vise with one movable jaw, as well as the dimensional parameters of the slide bar and the guide of the self-centering vise, are identified. The schemes for calculating the angle at which the slide block can turn due to the gapping in the guides and a scheme for calculating the height of the workpiece after fixing are presented. The geometric characteristics of the orientation of the workpiece after the application of the hold-down force are given; then the comparison of the results obtained in the study is carried out. As a result, it is concluded that the errors introduced by the design of the vise are several times less than the errors introduced by the shape of the workpiece. Methods for reducing the resulting installation errors are provided.