Assuring fault tolerance of the Soyuz MS manned transport spacecraft

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Viktor A MILOVANOV ◽  
Aleksandr S. GORDYAEV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Design Development ◽  
International Space ◽  
Independent Assessment

The paper is devoted to assuring a failure-free operation of the Soyuz MS manned transport spacecraft and the safety of its crew and also to making an analysis of the validity of fault tolerance requirements specified for the spacecraft in the scope of its participation in the International Space Station (ISS) activities. The analysis of methods and the results of work to assure resistance to failures of the Soyuz spacecraft in the development and the subsequent modernization phases are presented. The concept of requirements for fault tolerance adopted in the design and development of the Soyuz MS spacecraft is stated, modifications made onboard the spacecraft to fulfill these requirements are described. Objectives of the ground development test and the plant check-out tests to present failures in the flight of spacecraft are reviewed. An approach to statistical analysis of comments and failures detected during the flight of the spacecraft is proposed; it allows to give an independent assessment of the efficiency of tests to prevent failures in flight. The results of statistical analyses of comments and failures recorded in flights of the Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS (a total of 55 spacecraft) are presented. Based on the results a conclusion about the validity and sufficiency of requirements for fault tolerance is made. Key words: manned transport spacecraft Soyuz, Soyuz MS, flight, modernization, modification, fault tolerance, reliability, safety, comment, failure, statistical analysis, International Space Station, ISS, design, development, ground development test, plant check-out tests.

Methods and results of extending the life of the International Space Station Russian Segment

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
VIKTOR A. MILOVANOV ◽  
MIKHAIL M. AGAFONOV ◽  
ILYA M. FILIPPOV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Flight Tests ◽  
International Space ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Component Failures

The paper discusses the current status of work to extend the life of the International Space Station Russian Segment (ISS RS). The effort to monitor and maintain the ISS RS systems and modules in good working order forms the basis of the work aimed at station longevity and the safety of its crew. It describes measures taken to keep the ISS RS operational in a situation where some of the components have been taken out of production, and specified storage life for the spares, tools and accessories has expired. It reviews changes in the requirements for the operation of constituent components, systems and assemblies that were adopted to support extension of the ISS RS mission. It describes a procedure for detecting the sources of failures and malfunctions found in flight and resolving their causes, which makes it possible to take measures aimed at preventing propagation of faults and malfunctions within the shortest time possible while keeping the systems and assemblies of the ISS RS modules operational during repairs. It describes an approach to analysis of the causes of component failures, which makes it possible to classify them for the purposes of statistical analysis, on the basis of which one could evaluate failure dynamics in the course of the mission and use it for making a conclusion about the feasibility of extending flight tests of the ISS RS till 2024 and further. It provides data on dynamics of changes in the number of component failures in the course of the ISS RS mission, which show that this number does not grow. Key words: International Space Station, ISS RS, Russian Segment, operational integrity, operating life, failures.

Methodological approaches to emergency recovery onboard the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. SPIRIN ◽  
Olga A. NIKOLAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
International Space ◽  
Toxic Contamination ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Small Change

Keeping parameters of the atmosphere within a manned space complex close to those on Earth is a pre-requisite for the crew’s being able to live and work in space. Any relatively small change in atmospheric parameters may pose a threat to the life of the crew and calls for an immediate response to the situation. The emergencies which are to be handled exclusively by the crew of the manned space complex include depressurization of pressurized volumes, fire and toxic contamination of the atmosphere. Crew actions in such situations are governed by special flight procedures. The paper describes main assumptions and requirements taken as a basis for developing crew procedures for response to emergencies onboard the International Space Station (ISS), as well as methodological techniques embodies in the flight procedures, which make it possible to optimize crew emergency response taking into account the locations of the modules and crew rescue vehicles within the Russian Segment of the ISS. Key words: manned space station, emergency, International Space Station

scholarly journals Space tourism: state and ways of development

2013 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Oksana Malynovska
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Tourism ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
History Of

There were looked out the essence of the space tourism, the conditions of its beginning and the history of flights of the space tourists. There were analyzed the state and ways of development of the space tourism. The main attention was devoted to the facilities of the space tourism (space ports, space aviation and space hotels), demand and prices for the services for space tourists. Key words: Space tourism, Space hotel, Spaceport, International Space Station, Commercial Space Station.

Human factors assessment of International Space Station (ISS) medical equipment packs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Paige Smith ◽  
Vicky E. Byrne ◽  
Cynthia Hudy ◽  
Mihriban Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space

Dose Tracker Application for Collecting Medication Use Data from International Space Station Crew

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia. E. Wotring ◽  
LaRona K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
International Space ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Usability Feedback

INTRODUCTION: There are knowledge gaps in spaceflight pharmacology with insufficient in-flight data to inform future planning. This effort directly addressed in-mission medication use and also informed open questions regarding spaceflight-associated changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) and/or pharmacodynamics (PD).METHODS: An iOS application was designed to collect medication use information relevant for research from volunteer astronaut crewmembers: medication name, dose, dosing frequency, indication, perceived efficacy, and side effects. Leveraging the limited medication choices aboard allowed a streamlined questionnaire. There were 24 subjects approved for participation.RESULTS: Six crewmembers completed flight data collection and five completed ground data collection before NASA’s early study discontinuation. There were 5766 medication use entries, averaging 20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week. Types of medications and their indications were similar to previous reports, with sleep disturbances and muscle/joint pain as primary drivers. Two subjects treated prolonged skin problems. Subjects also used the application in unanticipated ways: to note drug tolerance testing or medication holiday per research protocols, and to share data with flight surgeons. Subjects also provided usability feedback on application design and implementation.DISCUSSION: The volume of data collected (20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week) is much greater than was collected previously (<12 per person per entire mission), despite user criticisms regarding app usability. It seems likely that improvements in a software-based questionnaire application could result in a robust data collection tool that astronauts find more acceptable, while simultaneously providing researchers and clinicians with useful data.Wotring VE, Smith LK. Dose tracker application for collecting medication use data from International Space Station crew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):41–45.

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