scholarly journals Частота встречаемости клубных пар большой конюги (Aethia cristatella) при высокой и резко снизившейся численности птиц в колонии.

Author(s):  
V. A. Zubakin ◽  
◽  
E. V. Zubakina ◽  
A. V. Klenova ◽  
D. S. Vodolazova ◽  
...  

The crested auklet is a medium-sized planktivorous seabird of the Alcidae family with complex social behavior, one of the interesting forms of which is the formation of club pairs in addition to existing breeding pairs. The occurrence of club pairs in this species was studied on the Talan Island (Sea of Okhotsk) in 1988-1989, when the colony was in a good condition, and in 2008-2015, when its population decreased several times. The research showed that the proportion of individuals with club partners is higher in a high-population period (35 %) and lower in a low-population period (18 %); the differences, however, are not significant. In both study periods, from 73% (1988-1989) to 80 % (2008-2015) individuals were consistent in following the chosen strategy of forming or not forming club pairs for at least two seasons. The presence of club pairs seems to facilitate the change of mate in the next breeding season, but club mates then become partners relatively seldom.

Author(s):  
V. A. Zubakin ◽  
◽  
E. V. Zubakina ◽  
A. V. Klenova ◽  
D. S. Vodolazova ◽  
...  

The crested auklet is a medium-sized planktivorous seabird of the Alcidae family with complex social behavior, one of the interesting forms of which is the formation of club pairs in addition to existing breeding pairs. The occurrence of club pairs in this species was studied on the Talan Island (Sea of Okhotsk) in 1988-1989, when the colony was in a good condition, and in 2008-2015, when its population decreased several times. The research showed that the proportion of individuals with club partners is higher in a high-population period (35 %) and lower in a low-population period (18 %); the differences, however, are not significant. In both study periods, from 73% (1988-1989) to 80 % (2008-2015) individuals were consistent in following the chosen strategy of forming or not forming club pairs for at least two seasons. The presence of club pairs seems to facilitate the change of mate in the next breeding season, but club mates then become partners relatively seldom.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Jones ◽  
Julie C. Hagelin ◽  
Heather L. Major ◽  
L. E L. Rasmussen

Abstract During the breeding season, female and male Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella; Alcidae) emit a pungent citruslike odor from their plumage. Previous experiments showed that captive birds oriented toward sources of the natural odor and toward isolates of its major constituents, cis-4 decenal and octanal, and avoided a noxious odor. In a blind experiment we manipulated odor on 12 life-sized, realistic Crested Auklet models (6 males, 6 females) to test for a social or sexual preference for the odor isolates in a natural setting. Based on the quantified behavior of 555 males and 280 females that approached the models at a breeding colony, we found no evidence for a sexual preference for models with added odor. Female auklets that approached male models with artificially added odor were no more likely to perform sexual displays than females that approached control models with less odor. Fewer males approached female models but the effect was the same: males that approached female models with artificially added odor were no more likely to perform sexual displays. However, males approached scented male models more closely and for longer duration than they approached control male models, and females approached scented male models more closely. Our findings confirm previous experiments with captive birds and further suggest that Crested Auklets' plumage odor serves at least a general social function. Estudio Experimental de Campo de la Función del Olor de las Plumas en Aethia cristatella Resumen. Durante la estación reproductiva, el plumaje del macho y la hembra de Aethia cristatella (Alcidae) emite un olor picante-cítrico. Experimentos previos han demostrado que las aves en cautiverio se orientan hacia fuentes de olor natural y hacia extractos de sus principales constituyentes, cis-4 decano y octano, y evitan un olor nocivo. En un experimento a ciegas, manipulamos el olor en 12 modelos de tamaño real de A. cristatella (6 machos y 6 hembras) para probar la preferencia sexual o social por los extractos en un ambiente natural. Basados en el comportamiento cuantitativo de 555 machos y 280 hembras que se acercaron a los modelos en la colonia reproductiva, no encontramos ninguna evidencia por una preferencia sexual por los modelos con el olor añadido. Las hembras de A. cristatella que se aproximaron a los modelos con el olor artificial añadido no presentaron una probabilidad mayor de realizar despliegues sexuales que las hembras que se acercaron a modelos con poco olor (control). Sin embargo, los machos se acercaron más y por más tiempo a los modelos de macho con olor que a los modelos de macho control, y las hembras se acercaron más a los modelos de macho con olor. Nuestros resultados confirman experimentos previos en aves en cautiverio y sugieren que el olor del plumaje de A. cristatella tiene por lo menos una función social general.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Pini-Fitzsimmons ◽  
Nathan A. Knott ◽  
Culum Brown

The advent of new technologies and statistical analyses has provided valuable insights into chondrichthyan social behavior. It has become apparent that sharks and rays lead more complex social lives than previously believed. Heterarchy combines hierarchy and social network theory and although it is not a new concept, it is rarely applied to animal social interactions. Here, we applied heterarchy to a case study involving smooth stingrays foraging for fish scraps at boat ramp in Jervis Bay, NSW Australia. We took advantage of their attraction to this site to examine their social behavior during agonistic interactions over the provisioned resource. We observed a stable, relatively linear but shallow dominance hierarchy that was highly transitive dominated by a single individual. Social network analysis revealed a non-random social network centered on the dominant individual. Contrary to previous research, size did not predict dominance, but it was correlated with network centrality. The factors determining dominance of lower ranks were difficult to discern, which is characteristic of despotic societies. This study provides the first heterarchical assessment of stingray sociality, and suggests this species is capable of complex social behavior. Given higher dominance and centrality relate to greater access to the provisioned resource, the observed social structure likely has fitness implications.


2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy N. Wails ◽  
Eva D. Gruber ◽  
Ethan Slattery ◽  
Lucy Smith ◽  
Heather L. Major

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