Functional outcomes in children related to self-care, mobility, and social function after stroke in early childhood: a cohort study

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke has been increasingly recognized as an important morbidity and mortality factor in neonates and children. Children have different and more diverse risk factors than adults, commonly related to an underlying disease. Stroke may compromise functional capacity in children. Few studies have focused on functional outcomes related to activities and participation. Objectives: To investigate post-stroke functionality of children related to self-care, mobility, and social function. Methods: We assessed the functional outcome of 14 children younger than 7.5 years who suffered a stroke in early childhood through the use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results: The average age of the sample at assessment was 3.6 ± 1.4 years (2 - 6 years). The average scores in the PEDI functional domains of self-care, mobility, and social function were, respectively, 37.6 ± 15.4, 36.2 ± 15.4, and 48.7 ± 11.1. Children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes in the PEDI functional domains: 71.4% of them in self-care and mobility and 92.9% in social function. Children with bilateral injuries (p = 0.05) and longer hospital stays (r = -0.79, p = 0.001) showed the worst scores in PEDI's social function domains. Conclusions: Overall, our sample of preschool children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes on self-care, mobility, and social function domains after stroke. However, children with bilateral injuries and longer hospital stays showed the worst scores in social function domains. We recommend focusing on functional rehabilitation to promote activities and participation and to monitor the development of children's social skills after stroke.

The Sharecropper’s Story and An Ethics for Environmentalism

The progress and now the danger of American Prosperity has relied on the treatment of the Earth as “land.” The story of “lands” around the Atlantic include people viewing the Earth as “Mother,” as “sacred,” and a gift, and as a thing. While the English Common Law treated land as property, the Latin/Roman view saw land as having a “social function.” This view seems implicit in the decision of freed Blacks after the Civil War to choose sharecropping over wages. They believed that “the tillers of the soil should be guaranteed possession of the land” (from the Creed of the Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union). Returning to the sharecroppers’ desire opens the possibility of changing the current course of history by taking reciprocity or “balanced social relations” as our guiding star. Balancing social relations would entail reparations of unbalanced relations and sharing a city’s land wealth with all the city’s inhabitants.

Perilaku Masyarakat dan Peran Pekerja Sosial dalam Membantu Korban Terdampak Pandemi Corona Virus Diseases (COVID-19)

Pandemi Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) memiliki dampak yang signifikan ke perubahan perilaku masyarakat. Dampak tersebut memunculkan permasalahan berupa ketidakmampuan masyarakat dalam mengelola rasa curiga, takut, sikap over-protektif. Bila hal itu tidak diselesaikan dengan baik, maka dapat merusak hubungan sosial antar individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, dengan menggunakan teori psikodinamika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerja sosial berperan dalam mengubah perilaku masyarakat, sehingga mereka mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan sosial akibat dampak pandemi Covid-19. Peranan pekerja sosial, yakni: pertama, berperan dalam meningkatkan fungsi sosial individu-individu. Hal itu dilakukan pekerja sosial dengan memberikan pertolongan agar individu mampu memahami konflik (kepanikan/keresahan) pikiran-pikiran dan perasaannya. Kedua, pendampingan sosial kepada masyarakat. Hal itu dilakukan pekerja sosial dengan mengedukasi dan membantu mensosialisasikan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk melakukan pencegahan atau penurunan penyebaran Covid-19.[The Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic has a significant impact on changing people's behavior. This impact raises problems in the form of the community's inability to manage suspicion, fear, over-protection. If it is not resolved properly, it can damage social relations between individuals. This research uses descriptive-analytical method, using psychodynamic theory. The results of the study show that social workers play a role in changing people's behavior, so that they are able to solve social problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The role of social workers, namely: first, plays a role in improving the social function of individuals. This is done by social workers by providing assistance so that individuals are able to understand the conflict (panic/anxiety) of their thoughts and feelings. Second, social assistance to the community. This is done by social workers by educating and helping to disseminate activities aimed at preventing or reducing the spread of Covid-19.]

Terapi aktivasi perilaku untuk mengurangi perilaku menarik diri pada pasien skizofrenia

Subject in the this study experienced withdrawn behavior that is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Withdrawing is characterized by decrease in initiative behavior that can create functional impairments in life, work, relationships, social function, and self-care. The intervention used to reduce withdrawn behavior was Behavior Activation Therapy which arranged for nine sessions. The purpose of intervention was to increase daily activities by scheduling activities with monitoring. The results of the intervention showed an increase in the daily activities of the subjects. Subject begins to be able to carry out activities such as bathing, eating, taking regular medication, and cleaning the house. The success of interventions is also supported by family involvement in monitoring the activities and providing support to carry out the intervention well.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Impair Adaptive and Social Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-exists with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may aggravate functional impairment. However, it is unclear how comorbid ADHD symptoms influence the adaptive behavior and social interaction deficits of children with ASD.Methods: The study enrolled 340 children (ranging from 2 to 14 years) with ASD, with comorbid ASD and ADHD, or with typical development (TD). A psychological evaluation involving adaptive behavior and social function was conducted using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition (VABS-II) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS).Results: There was a high prevalence of ADHD symptoms (46.6%) in children with ASD, and children with ASD + ADHD presented the worse profile of ASD symptoms. The ASD + ADHD group had higher scores on VABS and lower scores on SRS in comparison with the ASD alone group and TD group. The regression analysis revealed that ASD symptoms and ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with greater impairments in adaptive behavior and social function. The ADHD symptoms were responsible for an additional 0.8% of the variance in adaptive behavior, and 9.5% of the variance in social function.Conclusions: More severe ASD symptoms and greater impairment in adaptive function and social ability were found in children with ASD and comorbid ADHD, highlighting the need to identify ADHD comorbidities early on in children with ASD and to reduce their negative impact on functioning.

Palace Courtyards in Iléṣà: A Melting Point of Traditional Yorùbá Architecture

The Yorùbá courtyard is an important architectural space in traditional Yorùbá architecture that has not received adequate scholarly attention. This paper examines the courtyards in the palace of certain chiefs and Ọwá Obòkun in Iléṣà, in southwest Nigeria. Fieldwork identified about ten courtyards in the palace of the Ọwá, four in the Rísàwè palace, and two in the palaces of the Léjọkà and Ọdọlé of Iléṣà. It uses these courtyards as models for courtyards in Yorùbá architecture. The study revealed that most of the courtyards in the Ọwá’s palace are generally not used for one specific function, though some are used mainly for religious purposes. The courtyards in the palaces of the chiefs are more functional, and better maintained than those of the Ọwá’s palace. The paper concludes that—considering their ancient and social function—the courtyards form a melting point within Yorùbá architecture. It suggests that efforts be made to ensure that the existing courtyards in these palaces are designated as land

Podatek od zysków wojennych w polskim systemie danin jako źródło finansowania kosztów wojny polsko-bolszewickiej

The paper draws attention to one of the emergency taxes in the history of the Polish Treasury, i.e. a tax on war profits. It was levied under the Decree of 5 February 1919 on the Establishment of a Tax on War Profits. This levy introduced a concept which was developed in Europe and built on the First World War experience. In the reborn Poland, the tax was supposed to have two functions: fiscal — as a source of financing the extraordinary expenditure arising from the war against the Soviets and a social function — as an additional burden on those taxpayers who were able to accumulate wealth and earn substantial profits as a result of the First World War.

Una storia della musica e della lirica greca dalle origini al IV secolo a.C. nel De musica attribuito a Plutarco

Ps. Plutarch’s De musica is an important source for reconstructing the history of ancient Greek music and lyric poetry. It is sharply divided in two parts: the first one is the history of music and lyric poetry, from their mythical origins to the IV century BC; the second one is about the ethical and social function of musical education. The discussion of the first part is about the metrical and rhythmical structure of the pre-Homeric citharodic epic compared to verses of Stesichorus and Terpander; kitharōidikoi and aulōidikoi nomoi, Phrygian origin of aulōidia, musical schools in Sparta in relation to the poetic genres definition. Heraclides of Pontus provides the material for Chapters 3-12 (the main exception being Chapter 11, which is explicity credited to Aristoxenus). He indicates the Anagraphe en Sikyoni as his source about Amphion and the origin of kitharōidia. But the history of aulōidia is attributed to a different writer, Glaucus of Rhegium, who lived in the fifth century and is the earliest musical historian.