scholarly journals Heterarchy Reveals Social Organization of a Smooth Stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) Population in a Provisioned Food Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Pini-Fitzsimmons ◽  
Nathan A. Knott ◽  
Culum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Provisioned Food

The advent of new technologies and statistical analyses has provided valuable insights into chondrichthyan social behavior. It has become apparent that sharks and rays lead more complex social lives than previously believed. Heterarchy combines hierarchy and social network theory and although it is not a new concept, it is rarely applied to animal social interactions. Here, we applied heterarchy to a case study involving smooth stingrays foraging for fish scraps at boat ramp in Jervis Bay, NSW Australia. We took advantage of their attraction to this site to examine their social behavior during agonistic interactions over the provisioned resource. We observed a stable, relatively linear but shallow dominance hierarchy that was highly transitive dominated by a single individual. Social network analysis revealed a non-random social network centered on the dominant individual. Contrary to previous research, size did not predict dominance, but it was correlated with network centrality. The factors determining dominance of lower ranks were difficult to discern, which is characteristic of despotic societies. This study provides the first heterarchical assessment of stingray sociality, and suggests this species is capable of complex social behavior. Given higher dominance and centrality relate to greater access to the provisioned resource, the observed social structure likely has fitness implications.

Territorial Knowledge, National Identities, Social Media, a Case Study

2013 ◽  
pp. 398-407
Author(s):  
Luca Toschi ◽  
Stefania Chipa ◽  
Gianluca Simonetta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Generative Communication ◽  
Local Materials

“150DIGIT – Italy of schools” is a research project intended to test the model of generative communication in schools (www.comunicazionegenerativa.org). First introduced on the occasion of the celebration for the 150 years of united Italy, the project foresees the involvement of teachers and students within an innovative social network that provides the activation of a “dialogue” allowing generating and gathering of stories and tales that reposition the “institutional portrait” of the country. Through the architecture of a communication platform organized in different working environments, the system allows users to consult official and local materials, create new contents, make their voices heard and, last but not least, reflect and discuss on the procedures and languages that new technologies call into question.

Social Rewards: From Basic Social Building Blocks to Complex Social Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana I. Tamir ◽  
Brent L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Social Act ◽  
Social Rewards

Humans are social creatures, engaging almost constantly in social behaviors that serve ultimate social goals, such as forming strong bonds with one another. However, most social behaviors provide only incremental progress toward an ultimate goal. Instead, the drive to engage in any individual social act may derive from its proximal value rather than its ultimate goal. Thus, this proximal value forms the foundation on which the complexities of human sociality are built. We describe two complementary approaches for using proximal social rewards to understand social behaviors and their ultimate goals: (a) decontextualizing social rewards—paring down complex social interactions can help identify which basic building blocks remain valuable even in minimalistic contexts—and (b) recontextualizing social rewards—reintroducing motivational and contextual factors into the study of social experience can help identify how proximal rewards serve their ultimate function. We discuss how this dual-approach framework can inform future research by bridging basic social building blocks and real-world social goals.

Cognitive Authority Revisited in Web Social Interaction

2014 ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pereira ◽  
Heiko Hornung ◽  
M. Cecília C. Baranauskas
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Network System ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cognitive Authority ◽  
Web Social ◽  
The Web

Social software is a growing reality worldwide, while the design of systems that promote and keep users’ participation and reflect a respect to users’ culture and values is still a challenging task. In this chapter, the authors revisit the concept of Cognitive Authority as a means for supporting better social interactions on the Web. To revisit this concept, they draw on the Value Pie: an artifact that favors the analysis and informed discussion about values and culture in social software. In order to situate the discussion in a practical setting, the authors present a case study related to the design of a social network system intended to support the constitution of a network of authorities. The case study shows examples of how values and cultural aspects influence the way a computational feature must be designed to make sense to its users.

scholarly journals The Effect of Social Network on Accptability of New Technology in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Piped Water Adoption in Rural India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Maiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Group 2

It has been pointed out that new technologies introduced in developing countries have not been accepted by local residents in some cases. It is assumed that new technologies need to be adapted to the local social structure if the aim is to generate sustainable technology acceptance. In this paper, the effect of social network on acceptability of new technologies is examined through a case study on piped water adoption in rural India. Social Network Analysis is used to investigate how closed social network groups and the centrality of some individuals in social network affect technology acceptance of residents. The effect of these attributes on technology acceptance is examined using logistic regression model. Our results show 3 main findings as follows: (1) there are no similarities of piped water use among residents belong to the same closed social network group, (2) central persons who affect other residents’ technology use do not have high social status and play any role as a leader, thus, it is needed not to easily select persons who seem to be outstanding as key persons of technology adoption, (3) it is important to focus on not only individual attributes but also social network when new technologies are adapted.

Site specific agricultural soil management with the use of new technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Areas

<p>The Soil Science Institute of Thessaloniki produces new digitized Soil Maps that provide a useful electronic database for the spatial representation of the soil variation within a region, based on in situ soil sampling, laboratory analyses, GIS techniques and plant nutrition mathematical models, coupled with the local land cadastre. The novelty of these studies is that local agronomists have immediate access to a wide range of soil information by clicking on a field parcel shown in this digital interface and, therefore, can suggest an appropriate treatment (e.g. liming, manure incorporation, desalination, application of proper type and quantity of fertilizer) depending on the field conditions and cultivated crops. A specific case study is presented in the current work with regards to the construction of the digitized Soil Map of the regional unit of Kastoria. The potential of this map can easily be realized by the fact that the mapping of the physicochemical properties of the soils in this region provided delineation zones for differential fertilization management. An experiment was also conducted using remote sensing techniques for the enhancement of the fertilization advisory software database, which is a component of the digitized map, and the optimization of nitrogen management in agricultural areas.</p>

35 Social Contact Mode and 15-Year Episodic Memory Trajectories in Older Adults with and Without Hearing Loss: the Elsa Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i7-i11
Author(s):  
S Rafnsson ◽  
A Maharani ◽  
G Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Contact Mode

Abstract Introduction Frequent social contact benefits cognition in later life although evidence is lacking on the potential importance of the modes chosen by older adults for interacting with others in their social network. Method 11,513 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) provided baseline information on hearing status and social contact mode and frequency of use. Multilevel growth curve models compared episodic memory (immediate and delayed recall) at baseline and long-term in participants who interacted frequently (offline only or offline and online combined), compared to infrequently, with others in their social network. Results Frequent offline (β = 0.29; p &lt; 0.05) and combined offline and online (β = 0.76; p &lt; 0.001) social interactions predicted better episodic memory after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. We observed positive long-term influences of combined offline and online interactions on memory in participants without hearing loss (β = 0.48, p = 0.001) but not of strictly offline interactions (β = 0.00, p = 0.970). In those with impaired hearing, long-term memory was positively influenced by both modes of engagement (offline only: β = 0.93, p &lt; 0.001; combined online and offline: β = 1.47, p &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Supplementing conventional social interactions with online communication modes may help older adults, especially those living with hearing loss, sustain, and benefit cognitively from, personal relationships.

scholarly journals The switching mechanisms of social network densification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Mathieu Génois
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Switching Property ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDensification and sparsification of social networks are attributed to two fundamental mechanisms: a change in the population in the system, and/or a change in the chances that people in the system are connected. In theory, each of these mechanisms generates a distinctive type of densification scaling, but in reality both types are generally mixed. Here, we develop a Bayesian statistical method to identify the extent to which each of these mechanisms is at play at a given point in time, taking the mixed densification scaling as input. We apply the method to networks of face-to-face interactions of individuals and reveal that the main mechanism that causes densification and sparsification occasionally switches, the frequency of which depending on the social context. The proposed method uncovers an inherent regime-switching property of network dynamics, which will provide a new insight into the mechanics behind evolving social interactions.

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