Faculty Opinions recommendation of Molecular characterization of vegetative incompatibility genes that restrict hypovirus transmission in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Shiu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

scholarly journals Characterization of Hypovirus-Derived Small RNAs Generated in the Chestnut Blight Fungus by an Inducible DCL-2-Dependent Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2613-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
Gert C. Segers ◽  
Qihong Sun ◽  
Fuyou Deng ◽  
Donald L. Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Suppressor Of Rna Silencing ◽  
Dependent Pathway

ABSTRACT The disruption of one of two dicer genes, dcl-2, of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica was recently shown to increase susceptibility to mycovirus infection (G. C. Segers, X. Zhang, F. Deng, Q. Sun, and D. L. Nuss, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:12902-12906, 2007). We now report the accumulation of virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) in hypovirus CHV1-EP713-infected wild-type and dicer gene dcl-1 mutant C. parasitica strains but not in hypovirus-infected dcl-2 mutant and dcl-1 dcl-2 double-mutant strains. The CHV1-EP713 vsRNAs were produced from both the positive and negative viral RNA strands at a ratio of 3:2 in a nonrandom distribution along the viral genome. We also show that C. parasitica responds to hypovirus and mycoreovirus infections with a significant increase (12- to 20-fold) in dcl-2 expression while the expression of dcl-1 is increased only modestly (2-fold). The expression of dcl-2 is further increased (∼35-fold) following infection with a hypovirus CHV1-EP713 mutant that lacks the p29 suppressor of RNA silencing. The combined results demonstrate the biogenesis of mycovirus-derived small RNAs in a fungal host through the action of a specific dicer gene, dcl-2. They also reveal that dcl-2 expression is significantly induced in response to mycovirus infection by a mechanism that appears to be repressed by the hypovirus-encoded p29 suppressor of RNA silencing.

scholarly journals Hypovirus-Responsive Transcription Factor Gene pro1 of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Required for Female Fertility, Asexual Spore Development, and Stable Maintenance of Hypovirus Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihong Sun ◽  
Gil H. Choi ◽  
Donald L. Nuss
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Disruption Mutant ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Stable Maintenance

ABSTRACT We report characterization of the gene encoding putative transcription factor PRO1, identified in transcriptional profiling studies as being downregulated in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica in response to infection by virulence-attenuating hypoviruses. Sequence analysis confirmed that pro1 encodes a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding protein with significant sequence similarity to the pro1 gene product that controls fruiting body development in Sordaria macrospora. Targeted disruption of the C. parasitica pro1 gene resulted in two phenotypic changes that also accompany hypovirus infection, a significant reduction in asexual sporulation that could be reversed by exposure to high light intensity, and loss of female fertility. The pro1 disruption mutant, however, retained full virulence. Although hypovirus CHV1-EP713 infection was established in the pro1 disruption mutant, infected colonies continually produced virus-free sectors, suggesting that PRO1 is required for stable maintenance of hypovirus infection. These results complement the recent characterization of the hypovirus-responsive homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12 C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene, cpst12, which was shown to be required for C. parasitica female fertility and virulence.

scholarly journals Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seçil Akıllı ◽  
Çiğdem Ulubaş Serçe ◽  
Yakup Zekai Katırcıoğlu ◽  
Salih Maden ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Vegetative Incompatibility Genes That Restrict Hypovirus Transmission in the Chestnut Blight FungusCryphonectria parasitica

Genetics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil H. Choi ◽  
Angus L. Dawe ◽  
Alexander Churbanov ◽  
Myron L. Smith ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility

scholarly journals Hypovirus Virulence and Vegetative Incompatibility in Populations of the Chestnut Blight Fungus

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Franziska Bryner ◽  
Daniel Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Tree Disease ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Cryphonectria Hypovirus ◽  
High Diversity

Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 hyperparasitizes the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica and acts as a biocontrol agent for this serious tree disease. The virus is transmitted cytoplasmatically between fungal individuals. However, highly virulent viruses strongly debilitate their host and, thus, reduce their own transmission probability. Furthermore, vegetative incompatibility between fungi is an important transmission barrier. Therefore, virulent viruses are expected to be strongly selected against in fungal populations with high levels of vegetative incompatibility, eventually leading to the erosion of biocontrol. To test this prediction, we assessed the virulence of the virus in four European C. parasitica populations with high diversity of vegetative compatibility types and in four populations with low diversity. We expected the degree of virus virulence to be lower in fungal populations with high levels of vegetative incompatibility. However, our results did not reveal such a trend. No significant differences in virus virulence between populations with low versus high diversity of vegetative compatibility types were observed. There was no evidence for an erosion of disease control due to the presence of these transmission barriers. Thus, the findings of this study are promising for the sustainability of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 as a biocontrol agent for chestnut blight in Europe.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Hypovirus-Regulated Septin Cdc11 Ortholog, CpSep1, from the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongjin Jo ◽  
Kum-Kang So ◽  
Yo-Han Ko ◽  
Jeesun Chun ◽  
Jung-Mi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Cryphonectria Hypovirus ◽  
Null Mutants

We identified a protein spot showing downregulation in the presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 and tannic acid supplementation as a septin subunit with the highest homology to the Aspergillus nidulans aspA gene, an ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc11 gene. To analyze the functional role of this septin component (CpSep1), we constructed its null mutant and obtained a total of eight CpSep1-null mutants from 137 transformants. All CpSep1-null mutants showed retarded growth, with fewer aerial mycelia and intense pigmentation on plates of potato dextrose agar supplemented with L-methionine and biotin. When the marginal hyphae were examined, hyperbranching was observed in contrast to the wild type. The inhibition of colonial growth was partially recovered when the CpSep1-null mutants were cultured in the presence of the osmostabilizing sorbitol. Conidia production of the CpSep1-null mutants was significantly increased by at least 10-fold more. Interestingly, the conidial morphology of the CpSep1-null mutants changed to circular in contrast to the typical rod-shaped spores of the wild type, indicating a role of septin in the spore morphology of Cryphonectria parasitica. However, no differences in the germination process were observed. Virulence assays using excised chestnut bark, stromal pustule formation on chestnut stems, and apple inoculation indicated that the CpSep1 gene is important in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Horizontal Virus Transmission in the Chestnut Blight Fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cortesi ◽  
Charles E McCulloch ◽  
Haiyue Song ◽  
Haiqun Lin ◽  
Michael G Milgroom
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

Abstract Vegetative incompatibility in fungi has long been known to reduce the transmission of viruses between individuals, but the barrier to transmission is incomplete. In replicated laboratory assays, we showed conclusively that the transmission of viruses between individuals of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica is controlled primarily by vegetative incompatibility (vic) genes. By replicating vic genotypes in independent fungal isolates, we quantified the effect of heteroallelism at each of six vic loci on virus transmission. Transmission occurs with 100% frequency when donor and recipient isolates have the same vic genotypes, but heteroallelism at one or more vic loci generally reduces virus transmission. Transmission was variable among single heteroallelic loci. At the extremes, heteroallelism at vic4 had no effect on virus transmission, but transmission occurred in only 21% of pairings that were heteroallelic at vic2. Intermediate frequencies of transmission were observed when vic3 and vic6 were heteroallelic (76 and 32%, respectively). When vic1, vic2, and vic7 were heteroallelic, the frequency of transmission depended on which alleles were present in the donor and the recipient. The effect of heteroallelism at two vic loci was mostly additive, although small but statistically significant interactions (epistasis) were observed in four pairs of vic loci. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of virus transmission between vic genotypes. Heteroallelism at vic loci, asymmetry, and epistasis were the dominant factors controlling transmission, but host genetic background also was statistically significant, indicating that vic genes alone cannot explain all the variation in virus transmission. Predictions from the logistic regression model were highly correlated to independent transmission tests with field isolates. Our model can be used to estimate horizontal transmission rates as a function of host genetics in natural populations of C. parasitica.

scholarly journals Genetics of Vegetative Incompatibility inCryphonectria parasitica

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2988-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cortesi ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Vegetative Incompatibility ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus

ABSTRACT Vegetative incompatibility in the chestnut blight fungus,Cryphonectria parasitica, in Europe is controlled by six unlinked vic loci, each with two alleles. Four previously identified vic loci (vic1, vic2,vic3, and vic4) were polymorphic in European vegetative compatibility (vc) types. Two new loci, vic6 andvic7, also were identified among European vc types. In one cross, vic genes segregated independently at five loci, and 194 progeny were assigned to 32 vc types; none of these loci were linked. A total of 64 vc types were identified from all crosses. All 64 genotypes possible from six vic loci, each with two alleles (26 = 64), were identified and assigned to vc types. Based on our model, vc types v-c 5 and v-c 10, which had been used in previous genetic studies, differ by only five vic genes. Future studies of vc types in C. parasitica can use knowledge of vic genotypes for analysis of population genetic structure based on vic allele frequencies and to determine the effect of each vic gene on virus transmission between vc types.

Crypt1, an active Ac-like transposon from the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica

2001 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Linder-Basso ◽  
R. Foglia ◽  
P. Zhu ◽  
B.I. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus
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