Background: Low back pain is a common worldwide health problem and has a significant
socioeconomic impact on public health. Internal disc disruption has been considered as the
most common cause of low back pain. Various therapies, including interbody fusion, disc
replacement, injection therapies, and thermal annular procedures have been utilized for the
treatment of discogenic low back pain. Recently, a new method of intradiscal methylene blue
injection has been introduced to treat discogenic low back pain, but the clinical outcomes are
controversial.
Objectives: To investigate the clinical outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging changes
of intradiscal methylene blue injection for the treatment of discogenic low back pain.
Study Design: Observational study.
Setting: An interventional low back pain management practice in a university hospital.
Methods: A total of 33 patients were selected to be treated with intradiscal methylene blue
injection. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by numeric rating scale and Oswestry Disability
Index at pretreatment, one month, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The magnetic
resonance imaging changes of involved intervertebral discs were assessed by apparent
diffusion coefficient and T2 values at pretreatment, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.
Results: All of the patients got a follow-up period up to 12 months. The mean numeric
rating scale scores at pretreatment, one month, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment were
6.54, 2.98, 3.23, 3.66, and 4.72, respectively. There was a minimum of 2 points reduction at
one month, 3, and 6 months after treatment, but less than 2 points reduction at 12 months.
There was at least 50% improvement on the Oswestry Disability Index at one month, 3, and 6
months after treatment, but not at 12 months. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient and T2
value were significantly higher at 6 and12 months after treatment compared to pretreatment,
but there was no significant difference between pretreatment and 3 months after treatment.
Limitations: This is an observational study with a relatively small sample size and short-term
follow-up.
Conclusions: The intradiscal methylene blue injection might be an effective therapy for
discogenic low back pain for the short-term and could improve disc degeneration condition
to some extent.
Key words: Low back pain, discogenic pain, internal disc disruption, provocation discography,
methylene blue, intradiscal injection, disc degeneration, magnetic resonance, imaging
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of intradiscal methylene blue injection for chronic discogenic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial