Faculty Opinions recommendation of Seismic noise influences brood size dynamics in a subterranean insect with biparental care.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fugo Takasu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Biparental Care

Seismic noise influences brood size dynamics in a subterranean insect with biparental care

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia E. Phillips ◽  
Gabriela Chio ◽  
Carrie L. Hall ◽  
Hannah M. ter Hofstede ◽  
Daniel R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Biparental Care

Biparental care: short-term manipulation of partner contribution and brood size in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Innes Cuthill
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Short Term

Parental-care responses by yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) to simultaneous manipulations of food abundance and brood size

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Lozano ◽  
R E Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Dendroica Petechia ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Partial Compensation

Theoretical models view biparental care as a state of equilibrium that can be maintained only when the amount of parental care provided by one parent depends on the amount provided by its mate. According to these models, biparental care results when a decrease in the contribution of one parent is partially, but not completely, compensated for by an increase in the contribution of the other parent. Furthermore, this equilibrium state can only be stable if any other external factor affects male and female effort equally. We used yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) to examine whether changes in brood size and food abundance affect the parental contributions of the sexes equally. Supplemental food did not affect parental care by either sex, but brood size did. Both males and females provided more to larger broods, and in large broods only, their provisioning rates increased with nestling age. Parental effort per nestling was similar in the two sexes, being higher for smaller broods and increasing with nestling age. Based on brood biomass, parental effort was greater for smaller broods, and decreased with nestling age in females only. Therefore, in agreement with current models of the maintenance of biparental care, the effects of brood size and nestling age on parental care did not differ significantly between the sexes. Nonetheless, data from other species and theory indicate that the costs and benefits of providing parental care differ between the sexes, so it is unlikely that biparental care can be maintained solely by a partial compensation response.

Life cycles of the rhizocephalan Boschmaella japonica Deichmann & Høeg, 1990 (Cirripedia: Chthamalophilidae) and its host barnacle Chthamalus challengeri Hoek, 1883 (Cirripedia: Chthamalidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miku Yabuta ◽  
Jens T Høeg ◽  
Shigeyuki Yamato ◽  
Yoichi Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Rhizocephalan Barnacles ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
Chthamalus Challengeri

Abstract Although parasitic castration is widespread among rhizocephalan barnacles, Boschmaella japonica Deichmann & Høeg, 1990 does not completely sterilise the host barnacle Chthamalus challengeri Hoek, 1883. As little information is available on the relationships with the host in “barnacle-infesting parasitic barnacles” (family Chthamalophilidae), we studied the life cycles of both B. japonica and C. challengeri and the effects of the parasite on the host reproduction. Specimens of C. challengeri were collected from an upper intertidal shore at Shirahama, Wakayama, western Japan from April 2017 to September 2018 at 1–3 mo intervals. We recorded the body size, number of eggs, egg volume, and the presence of the parasite for each host. Moreover, settlement and growth of C. challengeri were followed in two fixed quadrats. Chthamalus challengeri brooded from February to June. The prevalence of B. japonica was high (often exceeded 10%) from April to July, and was rarely observed from September to next spring. The life cycle of the parasite matched well with that of the host. The parasite reduced the host’s brooding rate and brood size, to the extent that no hosts brooded in 2018.

scholarly journals Tri-axial accelerometry shows differences in energy expenditure and parental effort throughout the breeding season in long-lived raptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ ◽  
Arturo M PERONA ◽  
Olga EGEA-CASAS ◽  
Jon ETXEBARRIA MORANT ◽  
Vicente URIOS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Biparental Care ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Movement Trajectories

Abstract Cutting-edge technologies are extremely useful to develop new workflows in studying ecological data, particularly to understand animal behaviour and movement trajectories at the individual level. Although parental care is a well-studied phenomenon, most studies have been focused on direct observational or video recording data, as well as experimental manipulation. Therefore, what happens out of our sight still remains unknown. Using high-frequency GPS/GSM dataloggers and tri-axial accelerometers we monitored 25 Bonelli’s eagles (Aquila fasciata) during the breeding season to understand parental activities from a broader perspective. We used recursive data, measured as number of visits and residence time, to reveal nest attendance patterns of biparental care with role specialization between sexes. Accelerometry data interpreted as the Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration, a proxy of energy expenditure, showed strong differences in parental effort throughout the breeding season and between sexes. Thereby, males increased substantially their energetic requirements, due to the increased workload, while females spent most of the time on the nest. Furthermore, during critical phases of the breeding season, a low percentage of suitable hunting spots in eagles’ territories led them to increase their ranging behaviour in order to find food, with important consequences in energy consumption and mortality risk. Our results highlight the crucial role of males in raptor species exhibiting biparental care. Finally, we exemplify how biologging technologies are an adequate and objective method to study parental care in raptors as well as to get deeper insight into breeding ecology of birds in general.

scholarly journals Seismic noise tomography in the Chile ridge subduction region

2010 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 1478-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gallego ◽  
R. M. Russo ◽  
D. Comte ◽  
V. I. Mocanu ◽  
R. E. Murdie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Ridge Subduction ◽  
Chile Ridge

scholarly journals Landslide geometry and activity in Villa de la Independencia (Bolivia) revealed by InSAR and seismic noise measurements

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Song ◽  
Chen Yu ◽  
Zhenhong Li ◽  
Veronica Pazzi ◽  
Matteo Del Soldato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Slip Surface ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Slip Surfaces ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Landslide Body

AbstractInterferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) enables detailed investigation of surface landslide movements, but it cannot provide information about subsurface structures. In this work, InSAR measurements were integrated with seismic noise in situ measurements to analyse both the surface and subsurface characteristics of a complex slow-moving landslide exhibiting multiple failure surfaces. The landslide body involves a town of around 6000 inhabitants, Villa de la Independencia (Bolivia), where extensive damages to buildings have been observed. To investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of the landslide motion, Sentinel-1 displacement time series from October 2014 to December 2019 were produced. A new geometric inversion method is proposed to determine the best-fit sliding direction and inclination of the landslide. Our results indicate that the landslide is featured by a compound movement where three different blocks slide. This is further evidenced by seismic noise measurements which identified that the different dynamic characteristics of the three sub-blocks were possibly due to the different properties of shallow and deep slip surfaces. Determination of the slip surface depths allows for estimating the overall landslide volume (9.18 · 107 m3). Furthermore, Sentinel-1 time series show that the landslide movements manifest substantial accelerations in early 2018 and 2019, coinciding with increased precipitations in the late rainy season which are identified as the most likely triggers of the observed accelerations. This study showcases  the potential of integrating InSAR and seismic noise techniques to understand the landslide mechanism from ground to subsurface.

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