State support of activities of entrepreneurial structures of the agricultural sector of Ukraine

In the article it is shown the results of summarizing of the features, methods, and tools of state support for business structures of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. It is established that the main form of state support is preferential tax treatment and implementation of state targeted programs, covering budget financing of programs and activities aimed at the development of certain industries, partial compensation of interest rates on commercial banks, partial compensation of purchased agricultural machinery. As a result of the analysis of public expenditures in support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, it was found that the actual amount of funding does not meet the legal norm in the amount of 1 % of GDP. It should be noted a significant overall reduction in public spending to support the agricultural sector of Ukraine in 2020 year compared to the previous 2018–2019 years. At the same time, there is a reorientation of state support: expenditures on livestock and processing of this industry are significantly reduced, while expenditures on cheaper loans and partial compensation for the cost of purchased agricultural machinery are increasing. Given the problems of the agricultural sector, the main areas of the state support and stimulation of agricultural entrepreneurship should be: creating an effective mechanism for the financial support of agricultural enterprises in the context of budget grants and public investment; development of the programs to ensure the renewal of fixed assets and logistical re-equipment of agricultural enterprises through the introduction of innovations; protection of the domestic agricultural producers through a balanced export-import policy.

Evaluation of Self-Field Effects in Magnetometers Based on Meander-Shaped Arrays of Josephson Junctions or SQUIDs Connected in Series

Arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are highly sensitive magnetometers that can operate without a flux-locked loop, as opposed to single SQUID magnetometers. They have no source of ambiguity and benefit from a larger bandwidth. They can be used to measure absolute magnetic fields with a dynamic range scaling as the number of SQUIDs they contain. A very common arrangement for a series array of SQUIDs is with meanders as it uses the substrate area efficiently. As for most layouts with long arrays, this layout breaks the symmetry required for the elimination of adverse self-field effects. We investigate the scaling behavior of series arrays of SQUIDs, taking into account the self-field generated by the bias current flowing along the meander. We propose a design for the partial compensation of this self-field. In addition, we provide a comparison with the case of series arrays of long Josephson junctions, using the Fraunhofer pattern for applications in magnetometry. We find that compensation is required for arrays of the larger size and that, depending on the technology, arrays of long Josephson junctions may have better performance than arrays of SQUIDs.

Świadczenia dla działaczy opozycji antykomunistycznej i osób represjonowanych z powodów politycznych

The purpose of the study is to present the benefits for anti-communist opposition activists and persons repressed because of anti-communist activity normalized in the Act of 20 March 2015 on anti-communist opposition activists and persons repressed for political reasons. The regulation is a relatively new manifestation of the state’s historical and social policy in the field of social security of citizens fighting for the sovereignty and independence of the homeland, not discussed in much detail in the literature. As part of the introductory remarks, the paper points out the place of benefits for “oppositionists” in the social security system, their constitutional conditions, as well as the motives and goals that guided the legislator while passing the law. In the further part of the study, the subject and object scope of these benefits were indicated, particularly the criteria based on which notions of anti-communist opposition activist and person repressed for political reasons were defined. It was stressed that some manifestations of “opposition” activity are at the same time elements defining other categories of persons involved in the fight for sovereignty and independence of the homeland and that personal injury (its concrete form), as a rule, is not a constructional element of these concepts. Due to the limited scope of the study, only the legal regulation of financial benefits for “oppositionists” was analyzed in more detail. The description takes into account changes in the legal regulation of their catalog and the conditions of their use. The article assesses the adequacy of the adopted legal solutions to the assumed objectives of the benefits and comments formulated in the analysis of the concept of anti-communist opposition activist and person repressed for political reasons. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the current legal state, the benefits for “oppositionists” are an expression of the legislator’s aspiration to exclude them from the group of social assistance recipients and to guarantee them support taking into account their merits for Poland. This support is a form of specific — “tailored to meet the needs of social security and the financial capabilities of the state” — partial compensation of damages, including those caused by the opposition, as well as non-material damage, even though its specific forms do not directly determine the subjective and objective prerequisites for determining the right to benefits. However, the omission of the family members of a deceased “oppositionist” from the group of entities entitled to benefits was regarded as dubious.

Effectiveness of offline and online rewards in restoring satisfaction and trust

Purpose This paper aims to compare the relative importance of tangible compensation across the offline and online service mediums, and assess tangible compensation as a trust recovery tactic. Methodology This study is based on a 3 (compensation level: 20%, 50%, 100%) × 2 (compensation type: refund, coupon) × 2 (service medium: offline, online) scenario-based experimental design. Findings The offline and online customers exhibit different satisfaction for the respective values of both the immediate and delayed compensation types. Moreover, offline customers exhibit more trust in the firm when they receive a refund, whereas their online counterparts demonstrate a higher trust when provided with a coupon. Practical implications For a service failure such as the one presented in the experimental study’s scenario, a lower (higher) value coupon will generate more (less) satisfaction compared to providing the same value as a refund. Firms will be better off by providing partial compensation in the form of a coupon, rather than a refund. Originality Unlike most studies of service recovery, this research takes into account the perceived differences of various tangible compensations to provide a comparison of offline and online customers’ recovery preferences. Furthermore, the previous studies have not focused on trust restoration and assessed causes and effects of trust based on trust at one point in time i.e. trust after recovery. While this study has included restored trust as a variable in the conceptual model.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN FOOD SECURITY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY OFFICE

Compensation is considered very important tool to increase employee morale in the progress of organization or bureaucracy in a company or institution. By giving any compensation, every employee will have high morale at work. So that the company can achieve the targets that have been set, even more than it should be. Likewise with this study which will look at the effect of compensation on improving employees performance the food security and animal husbandry office in North Sumatra province. Compensation functions as a form of reward received by employees in relation to rewards or for their work performance, both regularly and situational in a company. This research aims to see an effect of compensation in food security and animal husbandry North Sumatra. The process of collecting data in this study uses quantitative methods that are collected based on population and samples at research location. The researcher in this case has determined sample in data collection in accordance with specified problem. As for the population in this study, amounting to 53 people who work in the office for food security and animal husbandry. From the questionnaire given to 53 respondents, each respondent answered 10 questions that had been prepared beforehand. As for this research, it is found that the partial compensation variable has a significant effect on employees performance at Food Security and Animal Husbandry Office of North Sumatra Province. So it can be concluded that compensation is very influential in increasing morale of employee performance and it will have a good impact on activity of food security and animal husbandry in North Sumatra.

THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, WORK MOTIVATION AND COMPENSATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF PT. JAVA-BALI PLANTATION HEAD OFFICE IN SURABAYA

This study aims to examine and determine the relationship between leadership, motivation, and compensation for employee performance at PT. Generation of Java-Bali Headquarters in Surabaya. With the results of the study as follows: 1. Based on the data in the table above, the calculated t value of 3,876. Because the value of t count <t table (1.66023> 3.876) and the probability value of significance (0.00 <0.05) then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that leadership partially has a significant effect on the performance of PT. Surabaya Java-Bali generation. 2. Based on the t table of 0.291. So that t count <t table (1.66023 <4.976) and the value of the probability of significance (0.00 <0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that work motivation partially has a significant effect on the performance of PT. Surabaya Java-Bali generation. 3. Based on t table of 0.291 So that t arithmetic <t table (1.66023 <2.972) and the probability value of significance (0.00 <0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that partial compensation has a significant effect on the performance of PT. Surabaya Java-Bali generation. 4.Based on the f table of 2.81. B ecause the value of f arithmetic> f table (35,669> 2.81) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means. L eadership, work motivation, and compensation simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT. Surabaya Java-Bali generation.

The effect of compensation, work discipline and achievement motivation on employee performance

The business world is now prosecuted to create high employee performance for office development. The office must be able to build and improve performance within its environment. The most common problem is Sukamahi Central Cikarang Office. Which is in the field of serving to the society and goverment is related to the motivation of achieving a decline resulting from bonuses and wages that are less the main factor of discipline in the work decreases. Researchers set the population in this study are employees of Kantor Desa Sukamahi Central Cikarang. The results showed that partial compensation had no effect on the performance of the employees of Sukamahi Central Cikarang Office, this is shown from the results that Work discipline has an effect on the performance of the employees of Kantor Desa Sukamahi Cikarang Pusat as indicated by the results. Achievement also has a positive effect on employee performance and this is shown from the results. From the above statement it can be concluded that partially Work Discipline and Achievement Motivation on Employee Performance influences, While Compensation does not affect performance employe Sukamahi Central Cikarang Office

THE LENDING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the paper is to analyze and study the issues of lending to agricultural producers in Ukraine. Methodology. General scientific economic and mathematical methods as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, concretization, and special methods as comparison, tabular were used. Results of the study have shown that banks are actively involved in lending to agricultural producers, including microcredit. The volumes of short-term loans of banks of agricultural enterprises, including small and micro enterprises during 2013-2018 were studied. The rating of domestic banks that offer the most favorable lending conditions for agricultural enterprises is also studied. It is determined that the microcredit mechanism, presented in Ukraine as the support for small business, was first mentioned in the Procedure for using funds provided in the State Budget for 2004 for financial support of farms through the microcredit mechanism of March 17, 2004, No. 325. Currently, such support regarding the partial compensation of interest on loans from commercial banks and the reduction in the cost of loans also exists. The procedure for lending to agricultural enterprises in 2018 and 2019 is analyzed. In particular, the number of agricultural enterprises, which attracted soft loans in 2015-2018 and the volume of soft loans, attracted by agricultural enterprises in this period, were estimated. Practical implications. Factors, that hinder the development of microcredit in Ukraine, have been identified. The basic directions of the further development of microcredit of subjects of small agrarian business are defined. It is determined, that the microcredit market provides conditions for stable development of the domestic economy, and the result of the use of microcredit should be the development of production aimed at priority sectors of the economy, including agriculture, the production of competitive products, and providing high-quality services.